TABLE 3.

Associations between Co-morbid Maternal Condition Patterns and Maternal Vascular Malperfusion^a (N=3074)

Co-morbid Maternal Medical Conditions	MVM

	n/N	%	aOR (95% CI)

Number of Maternal Conditions
0	610/1676	36.4	ref
1	428/981	43.6	1.41^ (1.19–1.66)**
2 to 3	190/417	45.6	1.55^ (1.24–1.95)**

Pattern of Medical Conditions
None	610/1676	36.4	ref
Hypertensive Disorder Only ^b	207/366	56.6	2.46^ (1.94–3.12)**
GDM/DM Only	52/132	39.4	1.17 (0.81–1.69)
Obesity Only	169/483	35.0	0.97 (0.78–1.20)
Hypertensive Disorder + Obesity	89/185	48.1	1.78^ (1.30–2.45)**
GDM/DM + Obesity	36/93	38.7	1.1 (0.71–1.70)
GDM/DM + Hypertensive Disorder	31/56	55.4	2.37^ (1.38–4.10)**
GDM/DM + Hypertensive Disorder + Obesity	34/83	41.0	1.33 (0.84–2.10)

Abbreviations: MVM, maternal vascular malperfusion; n, number of placenta with MVM; N, number of sample for each exposure level; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; ref, reference; GDM/DM, gestational diabetes/diabetes mellitus.

Significant values denoted with boldface type.

p<0.05

^**

p<0.01

Multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, parity, gestational age, smoking, alcohol use and chronic condition risk factors (if diabetes, adjusted for hypertensive disorder and Body Mass Index (BMI) categories; if hypertensive disorder, adjusted for diabetes and BMI categories; if obesity by BMI categories, adjusted for diabetes and hypertensive disorder).

Hypertensive disorder includes chronic hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome.