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. 2016 Jun 22;52(3):325–333. doi: 10.1111/jre.12395

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© 2016 The Authors. Journal of Periodontal Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Epithelial cell cytokine release following stimulation with different biofilms. OKF6‐TERT2 epithelial cells were cultured with medium only (m) or challenged with live or fixed biofilms of Streptococcus mitis (Sm), Porphryomonas gingivalis (Pg) and mixed‐species (Mix) biofilms for 4 h (white bars) and 24 h (black bars). Protein concentrations in the cell‐culture supernatants were measured using Luminex® multiplex beads. (A) IL‐8, (B) IL‐6, (C) IL‐1β, (D) GCSF. Each bar represents the mean ± standard error of the mean of duplicate measurements of two independent experiments. *Significantly different from medium‐only control; p < 0.05. **Significantly different from the medium‐only control after Bonferroni correction of the p value. G‐CSF, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor; IL‐1β, interleukin‐1β; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; IL‐8, interleukin‐8.