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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 2.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Immunol. 2016 Mar 25;28(2):109–118. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.005

Figure 3. Integration of the humoral innate immunity in the innate response.

Figure 3

The activation of innate immunity by cell-associated receptors induces the production of regulatory molecules (i.e cytokines) and soluble pattern recognition molecules. Soluble PRMs are expressed and secreted by a variety of cells, including myeloid cells, epithelial cells and endothelial cells, allowing the production of PRMs over time. These molecules share effector mechanisms, including complement activation and pathogen recognition. A cross-talk between the humoral and cellular arms of innate immunity participates in the regulation of the innate response.