Table 1.
Maternal, Newborn, and Delivery Characteristics
| Maternal Characteristics | Longitudinal Normotensive |
Cross-sectional High Altitude |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea Level | High Altitude | P Value | Control | PreE | P Value | |
| Age, y | 26.4 ± 1.2 (16) | 27.2 ± 1.3 (28) | NS | 25.8 ± 2.8 (17) | 28.0 ± 7.0 (17) | NS |
| Parity, No. | 1.6 ± 0.8 (16) | 2.9 ± 1.9 (28) | <0.05 | 0.7 ± 0.7 (17) | 0.9 ± 1.2 (17) | NS |
| Current altitude, y | 20.5 ± 7.6 (16) | 21.7 ± 9.1 (28) | — | 25.2 ± 3.3 (17) | 23.1 ± 9.2 (17) | NS |
| Height, cm | 158 ± 2 (16) | 150 ± 1 (28) | <0.001 | 150 ± 4 (17) | 151 ± 9 (17) | NS |
| Weight gain, 20–36 wk, kg | 8.2 ± 3.9 (15) | 6.0 ± 3.1 (28) | <0.05 | — | — | — |
| Weight, 36 wk, kg | 65.8 ± 7.4 (16) | 76.9 ± 13.3 (28) | <0.01 | 63.7 ± 7.2 (17) | 72.7 ± 10.5 (17) | <0.01 |
| Weight, postpartum, kg | 68.8 ± 12.7 (16) | 59.3 ± 9.0 (28) | <0.01 | — | — | — |
| BMI, postpartum, kg/m2 | 27.4 ± 3.7 (16) | 26.3 ± 3.7 (28) | NS | — | — | — |
| Delivery and Newborn Characteristics | Sea Level | High Altitude | P Value | Control | PreE | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age, wk | 39.5 ± 2.2, (15) | 39.4 ± 1.4 (25) | NS | 38.8 ± 1.0 (17) | 37.5 ± 2.4 (17) | Trend |
| Birth weight, g | 3425 ± 573, (16) | 3194 ± 364 (25) | 0.10 | 3104 ± 384 (17) | 2641 ± 641 (17) | <0.05 |
| Head circumference, cm | 35.4 ± 1.0 (16) | 34.2 ± 1.0 (21) | <0.01 | 33.8 ± 1.1 (16) | 33.7 ± 1.8 (16) | NS |
| Birth length, cm | 49.9 ± 2.4 (16) | 48.7 ± 1.9 (24) | 0.08 | 49.7 ± 1.4 (15) | 47.9 ± 2.1 (15) | <0.05 |
| Ponderal index, kg/m3 | 27.5 ± 3.0 (16) | 27.6 ± 2.7 (24) | NS | 25.0 ± 2.6 (15) | 24.2 ± 2.7 (15) | NS |
| Sex, % female | 50 (26, 75) (16) | 57 (39, 77) (26) | NS | 30 (6, 56) (13) | 30 (6, 56) (13) | NS |
| SGA, % yes | 18.8 (0, 37.9) (16) | 8.7 (0, 20.2) (23) | NS | 29 (7, 51) (17) | 35 (12, 58) (17) | NS |
| Preterm, % yes | 12.5 (0, 28.7) (16) | 8 (0, 18.6) (25) | NS | 0 (0, 0) (17) | 0 (0, 0) (17) | NS |
| Apgar score, 1 min | 7.9 ± 0.3 (16) | 7.9 ± 0.8 (21) | NS | 7.7 ± 0.5 (15) | 7.3 ± 1.4 (15) | NS |
| Apgar score, 5 min | 8.9 ± 0.7 (16) | 9.0 ± 0.8 (21) | NS | 9.6 ± 0.5 (15) | 9.1 ± 0.7 (15) | <0.01 |
| Cesarean delivery, % | 80 (59.8, 100.2) (15) | 17.9 (3.6, 32.0) (28) | <0.05 | 12 (0, 27) (17) | 59 (36, 82) (17) | <0.01 |
Continuous variables are shown as mean ± SD; categorical variables are shown as proportions with 95% CI; subject numbers are shown in italic for each variable.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; NS, nonsignificant; SGA, small for gestational age.