Table 2.
Analysis of Age, Weight, Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Metabolic Panel
| Control Group (n = 18) |
CR Group (n = 33) |
P Value |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Weight, Body Composition, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness | Baseline | Month 12 | Baseline | Month 12 | Group | Time | Group × Time |
| Age, y | 38.8 ± 5.7 | – | 38.6 ± 7.4 | – | 0.92 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Weight, kg | 70.7 ± 8.2 | 70.8 ± 8.3 | 71.8 ± 9.2 | 63.0 ± 8.6a,b | 0.19 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.1 ± 1.7 | 25.2 ± 1.6 | 25.2 ± 1.7 | 22.1 ± 1.7a,b | 0.004 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fat mass, kg | 22.1 ± 3.9 | 22.2 ± 4.3 | 23.8 ± 4.9 | 17.6 ± 4.7a,b | 0.29 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total body fat, % | 31.7 ± 6.4 | 31.6 ± 6.4 | 33.3 ± 6.3 | 27.9 ± 6.6a | 0.57 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Lean body mass, kg | 48.5 ± 9.5 | 48.7 ± 9.3 | 48.0 ± 8.6 | 45.6 ± 8.0a | 0.48 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Leg lean body mass, kg | 16.2 ± 3.5 | 16.4 ± 3.4 | 16.1 ± 2.9 | 15.3 ± 2.9a | 0.56 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| VO2peak, L/min | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.7a | 0.34 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
| VO2peak, mL/kg BW/min | 34.9 ± 8.6 | 34.8 ± 9.8 | 33.0 ± 6.2 | 34.5 ± 8.2 | 0.62 | 0.29 | 0.24 |
| Metabolic panel | |||||||
| Blood pressure | |||||||
| Systolic, mm Hg | 112 ± 10 | 114 ± 7 | 115 ± 10 | 113 ± 12 | 0.74 | 0.95 | 0.16 |
| Diastolic, mm Hg | 73.2 ± 8.3 | 73.4 ± 7.1 | 74.6 ± 7.0 | 71.5 ± 8.2a | 0.90 | 0.15 | 0.10 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 84.6 ± 5.1 | 82.9 ± 3.7 | 82.2 ± 5.7 | 80.6 ± 4.6 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.93 |
| Insulin, μIU/ml | 6.5 ± 2.4 | 6.5 ± 2.5 | 5.1 ± 2.4 | 4.0 ± 2.0a | <0.001 | 0.23 | 0.25 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 169.4 ± 36.0 | 164.9 ± 26.4 | 163.1 ± 28.2 | 152.4 ± 26.3a | 0.24 | 0.02 | 0.32 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 49.7 ± 11.8 | 49.4 ± 9.5 | 48.0 ± 10.6 | 50.3 ± 10.0 | 0.89 | 0.32 | 0.21 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 102.2 ± 26.4 | 98.8 ± 23.0 | 96.3 ± 24.4 | 86.8 ± 21.7a | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.22 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation for all participants. Only participants who complied with the intervention protocols and completed the intervention were included. SI conversion factors: to convert glucose values from mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555; to convert insulin values from μIU/mL to pmol/L, multiply by 6.945; to convert total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol values from mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259.
Abbreviations: BW, body weight; leg lean body mass, sum of lean body mass for right and left legs; SD, standard deviation.
a
Within a group, significant difference from baseline to month 12.
b
Between groups, significant difference at month 12.