Table 1.
Maternal and Offspring Characteristics
| Attended at Least
1 Clinic
Assessment (n = 2955) |
||
|---|---|---|
| N Observations (%) | Median (IQR) | |
| Maternal characteristics | ||
| Age | 2914 | 29 (26, 32) |
| Smoking | ||
| Never | 2103 (73.8) | |
| Before, not during pregnancy | 212 (7.4) | |
| During pregnancy | 533 (18.7) | |
| BMI | 2587 | 22.2 (20.5, 24.4) |
| Parity | ||
| 0 | 1274 (45.5) | |
| 1 | 1011 (36.1) | |
| 2 | 383 (13.7) | |
| 3 | 101 (3.6) | |
| 4+ | 30 (1.1) | |
| Education | ||
| Left school at 16 | 1713 (61.3) | |
| A level | 689 (24.8) | |
| Degree | 391 (14.0) | |
| Social class | ||
| I (least disadvantaged) | 140 (5.9) | |
| II | 807 (33.7) | |
| IIIa | 1038 (43.5) | |
| IIIb | 162 (6.8) | |
| IV | 203 (8.5) | |
| V (most disadvantaged) | 40 (1.7) | |
| Pregnancy characteristics | ||
| Gestational age at birth, wk | 2914 | 40 (39, 41) |
| Model of delivery | ||
| Spontaneous | 2253 (77.9) | |
| Breech | 36 (1.3) | |
| Cesarean section | 249 (8.6) | |
| Forceps | 167 (5.8) | |
| Vacuum | 154 (5.3) | |
| Other | 32 (1.1) | |
| Gestational weight gain, kg | 2668 | 12.5 (9.5, 15.2) |
| Hypertension and pre-eclampsia | ||
| No hypertensive disorders | 2449 (84.5) | |
| Hypertension, no pre-eclampsia | 420 (13.9) | |
| Hypertension and pre-eclampsia | 49 (1.7) | |
| Diabetes | ||
| No glycosuria or diabetes | 2651 (95.8) | |
| Existing diabetes | 10 (0.4) | |
| Gestational diabetes | 16 (0.6) | |
| Glycosuria | 91 (3.3) | |
| Offspring characteristics | ||
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1414 (47.9) | |
| Female | 1541 (52.2) | |
| Birth weight, kg | 2891 | 3.5 (3.1, 3.8) |
| Cord leptin, pg/mL | 2952 | 6.4 (3.6, 12.1) |
| Cord adiponectin, µg/mL | 2927 | 75.7 (53.6, 98.4) |
| Height, cm | Age 9: 2561 | 140 (136, 144) |
| Age 11: 2363 | 151 (146, 156) | |
| Age 15: 1816 | 169 (163, 175) | |
| Age 17: 1648 | 170(164, 178) | |
| Fat mass, kg | Age 9: 2460 | 7.3 (4.9, 11.2) |
| Age 11: 2327 | 10.0 (6.8, 15.7) | |
| Age 15: 1716 | 13.7 (8.6, 20.6) | |
| Age 17: 1594 | 16.7 (11.0, 23.5) | |
| Waist circumference, cm | Age 9: 2574 | 61.1 (57.4, 66.6) |
| Age 11: 2362 | 66.0 (61.8, 73.5) | |
| Age 15: 1475 | 75.4 (71.0, 81.5) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | Age 9: 2560 | 17.0 (15.7, 19.1) |
| Age 11: 2359 | 18.4(16.6, 21.0) | |
| Age 15: 1811 | 20.7 (19.0, 23.1) | |
| Age 17: 1647 | 22.0 (20.2, 24.7) | |
| Obese | Age 9: 102 (4.0) | |
| Age 11:116 (4.9) | ||
| Age 15: 78 (4.3) | ||
| Age 17:105 (6.4) | ||
| Age at attendance, y | Age 9: 2583 | 9.8 (9.6, 10.0) |
| Age 11: 2378 | 11.8 (11.6, 11.8) | |
| Age 15: 1838 | 15.4 (15.3, 15.6) | |
| Age 17: 1695 | 17.8 (17.6, 17.9) | |
Figures are numbers (%) unless stated otherwise.
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.