Figure 3.

Model validation. A–C, Proportion of correct responses as a function of how many times a specific stimulus was encountered, for each set size, for simulation of different models with individually fit parameters. Models were simulated 100 times per subject and then averaged within subjects to represent this subject's contribution. Error bars indicate SEM across subjects. A, Simple RL model including decay and different sensitivity to gains/losses. B, Identical model to A but with learning rate varying per set size. C, Model incorporating both RL and WM. D, Model comparisons show a significantly lower AIC for RLWM than RL6 or RL for a significant number of subjects. Each cross indicates a single subject. E, Model comparison with other potential models show best fit for RLWM (see Materials and Methods for other model names).