Table 3.

Clinical and pathologic characteristics of prostate cancer cases in the Swedish Watchful Waiting Cohort and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study by presence of PNI

	Swedish Cohort		HPFS
	No PNI	PNI	No PNI	PNI
Overall, n (%)	572 (93)	43 (7)	479 (56)	370 (44)
Lethal prostate cancer, n (%)	194 (85)	34 (15)	29 (33)	58 (67)
Death from other causes, n (%)	–		149 (60)	98 (40)
Diagnosis prior to 1995, n (%)	449 (93)	34 (7)	154 (56)	120 (44)
Age at diagnosis (years), mean (SD)	72.9 (6.6)	74.8 (6.8)	65.9 (6.1)	66.1 (5.6)
PSA (ng/dL), median (IQR)	–		6.1 (4.7, 9.4)	6.6 (4.8, 10.5)
Gleason score, n (%)
≤6	285 (99)	2 (1)	132 (28)	18 (5)
3+4	117 (97)	4 (3)	192 (40)	99 (27)
4+3	79 (90)	9 (10)	89 (19)	110 (30)
8	33 (89)	4 (11)	36 (52)	33 (48)
≥9	58 (71)	24 (29)	30 (21)	110 (79)
Pathologic TNM stage, n (%)
pT2	–		373 (64)	207 (36)
pT3			64 (31)	141 (69)
pT4/N+			5 (23)	17 (77)
Percent specimen with cancer, median (IQR)	5 (2, 20)	40 (10, 60)	–
hg PIN, n (%)	69 (86)	11 (14)	226 (54)	194 (46)
Acute inflammation, n (%)	83 (99)	1 (1)	135 (60)	91 (40)
Chronic inflammation, n (%)
None	146 (90)	17 (10)	59 (50)	60 (50)
Mild	277 (95)	16 (5)	244 (58)	176 (42)
Moderate	132 (93)	10 (7)	134 (58)	96 (42)
Severe	17 (100)	0 (0)	35 (53)	31 (47)
Simple atrophy, n. (%)	344 (94)	22 (6)	357 (58)	263 (42)
Simple atrophy cyst formation, n (%)	36 (95)	2 (5)	75 (57)	56 (43)
Partial atrophy, n (%)	10 (91)	1 (9)	15 (71)	6 (29)
Post-atrophic hyperplasia, n (%)	117 (94)	8 (6)	118 (65)	63 (35)

HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; PNI, perineural invasion; SD, standard deviation; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; IQR, interquartile range; hgPIN, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; reported percentages correspond to the percentage of patients within each group with and without PNI