Table 1. Summary of Musashi-1 and Musashi-2 signaling effectors.
AML, acute myeloid leukemia; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; HSC, hematopoietic stem cells; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer.
| Gene | Target gene | Direction of effect on target | Protein function | Cell type | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Musashi-1/2 | BRD4 | ↑ | Receptor tyrosine kinase; cell invasion | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | (23) |
| cMET | ↑ | Epigenetic controls, DNA repair | |||
| HMGA2 | ↑ | Notch ligand | |||
| Jagged 1 | ↓ | Notch antagonist | Breast Cancer | (54) | |
| NUMB | ↓ | Cell cycle regulation | Neural progenitor cells | (3) (11) |
|
| p21 (CDKN1A) | ↓ | Receptor tyrosine kinase; cell invasion | Embryonic kidney cells Intestinal epithelium |
(37,92) | |
| Musashi-1 | Doublecortin | ↓ | Microtubule bundling | Neural progenitor cells | (90) |
| Musashi-2 | ↓ | Translation regulation | Testis germ cells | (6) | |
| NF-YA | ↓ | Transcription factor | Breast Cancer | (59) | |
| Tetraspanin 3 | ↑ | Formation of supramolecular membrane complexes | AML | (36) | |
| Musashi-2 | AHR | ↑ | Transcription factor; aryl hydrocarbon receptor | HSC | (91) |
| ESR1 | ↑ | Hormonal receptor | Breast cancer | (30) | |
| Hoxa9 | ↑ | Transcription factors; lymphocyte development | ALL/AML | (53) | |
| Ikzf2 | ↑ | ||||
| Myc | ↑ | Transcription factor, cell cycle progression | |||
| PTEN | ↓ | Phosphatase and inhibitor of PDK–AKT–mTORC1 Negative regulator of tyrosine kinase signaling |
Intestinal epithelium | (37) | |
| LRIG1 | ↓ | ||||
| SMAD3 | ↓ | Transmembrane threonine kinase for TGFβ superfamily members | HSC, NSCLC | (13,26) | |
| TGF-β RI | ↓ |