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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016 Dec 8;26(5):692–701. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0721

Table 5.

Comparative summary of prevalence and direction of association for risk factors among the different subpopulations.

Risk Factorsa Prevalence of Risk Factors Among Cases Direction of Association With Breast Cancer Risk


US Mexico US Mexico




NHW Hispanic 0–43% Hispanic 43.1–100% 0–68% 68.1–100% NHW Hispanic 0–43% Hispanic 43.1–100% 0–68% 68.1–100%
Family history of breast cancerc,d 23.1% 23.2% 16.0% 8.9% 4.2% Increase Increase Increase Increase Increase
Few births/Later age at first birth (<3 births and/or >25 y)b,d 65.1% 56.9% 49.3% 57.2% 47.4% Increasef Increasef Increase Increase Increasef
No Breast-feedinge 47.4% 47.4% 47.9% 26.7% 19.5% Increasef Increasef Increasef Increase
Higher body mass index (≥25kg/m2)b,c,e 60.1% 71.0% 83.0% 81.8% 86.8% Decrease Decrease
Earlier age at menarche (≤11 y)b,e 22.6% 28.4% 23.4% 19.5% 20.0% Increase Increasef Increasef Increasef
Later age at menopause (>50 y) 43.9% 37.9% 37.6% 33.1% 31.1% Increase Increase
Hormone therapy use (Yes)b,c,d,e 75.4% 63.3% 55.0% 28.0% 19.0% Increasef Increase Increase Increase
Alcohol consumption (Any)b,d,e 53.0% 33.6% 28.7% 19.9% 12.1% Increasef Increase
a

Risk factors were dichotomized (e.g. presence versus absence) as presented.

b

P < 0.05 comparing prevalence among NHW versus US Hispanic (0–43%).

c

P < 0.05 comparing prevalence among US Hispanic (0–43%) versus US Hispanic (43.1–100%).

d

P < 0.05 comparing prevalence among Mexican (0–68%) versus Mexican(68.1–100%).

e

P < 0.05 comparing US Hispanic (0–43%) versus Mexican (0–68%).

f

Associations that were suggestive but not statistically significant.