Figure 8. Involvement of FoxO3 in pipecolate protection.

(A) Western analysis of P-FoxO3 (P-Thr32) and T-FoxO3 (total FoxO3) in HEK293 cells treated with and without pipecolate (1 mM) for 12 h and then incubated with and without 0.5 mM H₂O₂ for 0.5 h in serum free medium. Blots are shown for experiments performed in the absence (− Akti) and presence (+Akti) of 10 µM Akt inhibitor (B) Quantified levels of P-FoxO3 (T32) relative to T-FoxO3 from Western blots as described in panel A in the absence (− Akti) and presence (+ Akti) of Akt inhibitor. (C) Same as in panel A but incubated with and without 0.5 mM H₂O₂ for 3 h in serum-free medium. Blots shown are representative results from three independent experiments. Each value represents the mean ± SD of separate experiments (n = 3) (* P < 0.05).