Figure 4.

For three of the five pathogens examined (Anaplasma (a), Bartonella (b) and Theileria (c)), there were significant interactions between the effect of land-use type and that of mean annual rainfall on number of infected small mammals per hectare. For Anaplasma and Bartonella, the number of infected animals decreased with rainfall in pastoral (yellow) sites but were uncorrelated or positively correlated with rainfall in conserved (dark green) sites. For Theileria, the number of infected animals increased with rainfall overall, but this effect was stronger in cropland (orange) than conserved sites and was not detected in wildlife exclosure (light green) sites. Shading represents 95% confidence intervals.