Table 10.

Waste, reactor configuration, and operation for the production of VFAs

Adapted from Lee et al. [174]

Type of waste	Organic content (mg COD l−1)	Reactor type and operating conditions	VFA production	References
Waste activated sludge	18.657	Batch, 55 °C, pH = 8, HRT = 9 days	368 mg COD gVSS−1	[197]
	14.878	Batch, 21 °C, HRT = 6 days	339 mg COD l−1	[198]
Primary sludge	22.838	Batch, 21 °C, HRT = 6 days	85 mg COD gVSS−1	[199]
	20.631	Batch, 21 °C, pH = 10, room temp, HRT = 5 days	60 mg COD gVSS−1 day−1	[200]
Food waste	91.900	Batch, 37 °C, pH = 5.5	8950 mg COD l−1	[201]
	146.1	Batch, 35 °C, HRT = 5 days	5610 mg COD l−1	[202]
Kitchen waste	166.18	Batch, 35 °C, pH = 7, HRT = 4 days	36 mg l−1	[203]
OFMSW	347.0	Batch, 14–22 °C, pH = 4–5, HRT = 4–4.5 days	40 mg g−1 VS	[204]
	196.7	Plug flow, 37 °C, pH = 5.7–6.1, HRT = SRT = 6 days, OLR = 38.5 gVS l−1 day−1	23.110 mg l−1	[15]
Palm oil mill	88.0	Semi-continuous, 30 °C, pH = 6.5, HRT = 4 days	15.300 mg l−1	[205]
Olive oil mill	37.0	Packed bed biofilm, 25 °C, pH = 5.2–5.5, HRT = 14 days, OLR = 26 g COD l−1 day−1	10.700 mg COD l−1	[206]
Cheese whey	4590	CSTR, 37 °C, pH = 6, HRT = 2.1 days	0.84 gVFA-COD g−1 sCOD−1	[207]