Table 5.
Relationships of demographic and psychological variables with distress/pain difference for participants reporting mild, moderate, and severe levels of movement pain.
| Mild pain | Moderate pain | Severe pain | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n | Distress/Pain Difference Mean (SD) | t (p-value) | n | Distress/Pain Difference Mean (SD) | t (p-value) | n | Distress/Pain Difference Mean (SD) | t (p-value) |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 50 | −.28 (2.35) | 1.15 (.25) | 55 | −.74 (3.13) | −.32 (.75) | 14 | −.86 (2.88) | −.10 (.92) |
| Female | 66 | −.80 (2.41) | 60 | −.56 (2.91) | 37 | −.76 (3.46) | |||
| Opioids | |||||||||
| Yes | 29 | −.24 (2.64) | −.86 (.39) | 36 | −1.39 (2.55) | 1.81 (.07) | 23 | −.83 (2.85) | .08 (.94) |
| No | 87 | −.68 (2.30) | 79 | −.30 (3.15) | 28 | −.75 (3.66) | |||
| Non-opioids | |||||||||
| Yes | 87 | −.63 (2.39) | .41 (.68) | 90 | −.66 (2.85) | .08 (.94) | 38 | −1.08 (3.51) | 1.10 (.28) |
| No | 29 | .41 (2.41) | 25 | −.60 (3.58) | 13 | .08 (2.46) | |||
| Depression | |||||||||
| Yes | 20 | −.53 (1.97) | −.07 (.94) | 31 | −.29 (3.14) | −1.19 (.24) | 18 | .08 (1.66) | −1.49 (.08) |
| No | 86 | −.57 (2.56) | 75 | −1.03 (2.79) | 31 | −1.37 (3.94) | |||
| n | Pearson correlation to distress/Pain difference | p-value | n | Pearson correlation to distress/Pain difference | p-value | n | Pearson correlation to distress/Pain difference | p-value | |
| Age | 116 | −.08 | .40 | 115 | −.10 | .29 | 51 | −.19 | .19 |
| Pain duration | 106 | .03 | .77 | 110 | .27 | .01 | 48 | −.12 | .41 |
| Trait anxiety | 106 | .05 | .62 | 101 | .27 | .01 | 49 | .24 | .10 |
| State anxiety | 103 | .00 | .97 | 105 | .16 | .10 | 47 | .30 | .04 |
| PCS | 106 | .05 | .62 | 105 | .15 | .13 | 48 | .08 | .61 |