Figure 1. Effect of E₂ treatment on Kiss-1 mRNA expression in the (A) mHypoA-50, (B) mHypoA-Kiss/GFP-4, (C) mHypoA-55, and (D) mHypoA-Kiss/GFP-3 cell lines.

Cells were treated with vehicle or 10nM or 100nM E₂. RNA was harvested at 4 and 24 hours, and changes in Kiss-1 mRNA levels were measured using quantitative RT-PCR. mRNA levels were normalized to control, histone 3a. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 4–12 independent experiments); *, P < .05; **, P < .01; and ***, P < .001. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test.