Table 3.
Reported antiviral Activities of plant-derived antiviral lectins.
| Lectin | Source | Activity (nM unless otherwise noted) | Cytotoxicity | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jacalin | Artocarpus integrifolia | HIV (60–600) | No | (Roque-Barreira and Campos-Neto, 1985, Favero et al, 1993) |
| BanLec (WT) | Musa acuminate | HIV, HCV, H1N1, & H3N2 (0.28–20.8 nM) | Yes | (Koshte et al, 1990, Swanson et al, 2010, Swanson et al, 2015, Gavrovic-Jankulovic et al, 2008, Dimitrijevic et al, 2012) |
| GRFT (WT) | Griffithsia sp. | HIV-1 (0.02–56), HIV-2 (0.11–0.24), HCV (0.3–14.1), HSV-2 (0.181–11.26 μM), SARs-CoV (0.048–960), various avian CoV subtypes (0.032–0.57), BCoV (0.057), IBV (0.032), MHV (0.23), PCoV (0.57), HCoV and mutants (0.16), JEV (20), SIV (0.95–1.24), & SHIV (0.02–0.83) | No | (Alexandre et al, 2010, Jensen et al, 2014, Mori et al, 2005, Nixon et al, 2013, Ishag et al, 2013, Meuleman et al, 2011, Kouokam et al, 2011, Ferir et al., 2011, O'Keefe et al., 2010, Emau et al, 2007, Barton et al, 2014) |
| SCL | Scilla campanulata | HIV (4.6–8 μM) | Unk | (Wright et al, 1996, Wright et al, 1999) |
| NPL | Narcissus pseudonarcissus | HIV & SIV (0.7–7.3 μg/mL) HSV, Rabies, & Rubella (>1 μM) | Unk | (Kaku et al, 1990, Marchetti et al, 1995, Balzarini et al, 1991, Weiler et al, 1990) |
| GNA | Galanthus nivalis | HIV-1 (0.33–4.7 μg/mL), HIV-2 (0.12–0.25 μg/mL), SIV (2.7 μg/mL), & FIV (0.09 μg/mL) | No | (Balzarini et al, 1991, Shibuya et al, 1988, Wright et al., 1990, Balzarini et al, 2004b) |
| HHA | Hippeastrum hybrid | HIV-1 (0.3–3.2 μg/mL), HIV-2 (0.16–0.18 μg/mL) SIV (0.60 μg/mL), & FIV (0.16 μg/mL) | No | (Kaku et al, 1990, Balzarini et al, 2004b) |
| PCL | Polygonatum cyrtonema Hau | HIV (0.05–0.1 μg/mL) | Unk | (An et al., 2006) |
| ConA | Canavalia ensiformis | HIV & HSV (88 and 98) | Yes | (Witvrouw et al, 2005, Sumner et al., 1935, Okada and Kim, 1972) |
| UDA | Urtica dioica | HIV, CMV, RSV, H1N1, & SARS-CoV (0.1–1 μM) | Yes | (Wagner et al., 1989, Balzarini et al, 1992, Day et al, 2009, Chen and Davis, 2016) |
| MHL | Myrianthus holstii | HIV-1 (150) | Unk | (Charan et al., 2000) |
| NICTABA | Nicotiana tabacum | HIV-1/2 (5–30), HSV (53–263), Influenza A/B (11–32), & RSV (105) | No | (Gordts et al., 2015) |
Unk - Unknown.