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Axial pullout tests on cement-augmented pedicle screws.
Notes: (A) Photo showing the setup of axial pullout test and representative load-displacement curves for (B) cannulated and (C) solid pedicle screws augmented without cement (Blank) and with PMMA, CPC, CPC-BS, and CPN.
Abbreviations: PMMA, polymethyl methacrylate; CPC, calcium phosphate cement; BS, BaSO4; CPN, calcium phosphate nanocomposite.
