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. 2014 Jun 3;28(8):1221–1238. doi: 10.1210/me.2014-1108

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

The gut microbiota as an endocrine organ. The endocrine system is primarily composed of glands that each produce a single or at most a small number of humoral agents. However, the microbiota produces numerous chemicals of a hormonal nature that are released into the bloodstream and act at distal sites. This biochemical capacity arises from the vast and diverse array of microbial cells that constitute the gut microbiota.