Table 3.
Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Levels of Zebrafish With and Without Androgen Exposure
| Groups | Glucose Level, mg/dL |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting | 1 H | 2 H | 4 H | 6 H | 30 H | 48 H | |
| Unexposed controls | 42.5 (6.3) | 77.0 (28.0) | 97.0 (49.0) | 69.0 (16.5) | 57.5 (43.5) | 52.0 (48.0) | 43.0 (16.0) |
| F0 early treatment | |||||||
| E-DME-500 | 33.0 (13.0) | 70.5 (28.8) | 94.5 (13.8) | 67.5 (33.0) | 80.5 (62.8) | 44.0 (18.5) | 48.0 (27.0) |
| E-DME-1000 | 32.0 (26.5) | 82.0 (43.3) | 92.0 (56.5) | 79.0 (85.0) | 57.0 (25.0) | 37.5 (6.0) | 35.5 (15.3) |
| E-T-500 | 40.0 (48.0) | 68.0 (34.0) | 87.5 (22.0) | 132.0 (81.8)a | 95.0 (62.0) | 29.5 (11.8) | 39.0 (5.5) |
| E-T-1000 | 32.0 (13.0)b | 61.0 (22.0) | 84.0 (29.0) | 103.5 (44.0)c | 95.0 (73.5) | 38.0 (18.5) | 35.5 (31.0) |
| E-DHT-500 | 28.5 (18.0)d | 79.0 (26.0) | 107.0 (23.8) | 77.0 (110.0) | 95.5 (63.8) | 38.5 (41.3) | 41.5 (27.3) |
| E-DHT-1000 | 37.5 (19.8) | 67.5 (20.9) | 85.5 (33.0) | 75.5 (42.5) | 68 0.0 (72.3) | 40.5 (8.25) | 30.0 (11.8)e |
| F0 late treatment | |||||||
| L-DME-500 | 45.5 (14.5) | 79.5 (47.0) | 111.0 (124.0) | 84.0 (53.0) | 73.0 (14.0) | 72.0 (46.0) | NA |
| L-DME-1000 | 31.5 (13.0) | 97.0 (26.3) | 89.0 (30.0) | 73.0 (45.8) | 61.0 (44.0) | 26.0 (9.0) | 46.0 (9.0) |
| L-T-500 | 44.0 (8.5) | 63.5 (15.3) | 108.0 (32.5) | 91.0 (52.5) | 60.0 (59.5) | 39.0 (83) | NA |
| L-T-1000 | 45.5 (21.3) | 55.0 (57.0) | 97.0 (75.5) | 94.5 (123.0) | 66.5 (25.0) | 49.0 (21.0) | 39.0 (21.0) |
| L-DHT-500 | 43.0 (8.3) | 84.0 (22.0) | 73.0 (23.5) | 53.0 (22.5) | 68.5 (120.5) | 46.0 (30.0) | 39.0 (23.0) |
| L-DHT-1000 | 37.0 (12.5) | 65.5 (38.0) | 109.0 (64.5) | 81.0 (122.0) | 44.5 (33.5) | 31.0 (14.5) | 48.0 (7.0) |
| F1 (offspring) | |||||||
| T50 × T50 | 47.0 (12.0) | 69.0 (60.5) | 139.0 (100.8) | 96.5 (90.8) | 104.0 (61.5) | 40.5 (50.3) | 55.5 (39.8) |
| T1000 × T1000 | 47.0 (38.0) | 125.0 (36.0)f | 119.0 (104.0) | 121.5 (97.0) | 138.0 (88.0)g | 84.0 (55.0) | 87.0 (17.0)h |
| T500(F) × WT(M) | 58.0 (14.0)i | 108.5 (51.8) | 134.0 (118.0) | 126.0 (76.5)j | 103.5 (42.8)k | 128.0 (65.0)l | 67.5 (21.8)h |
| DHT50 × DHT50 | 40.5 (29.0) | NA | NA | 86.0 (22.5) | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviation: NA, fish not available; H, hours after a meal. Adult zebrafish were 8 to 12 months old. Data are medians (interquartile ranges). To convert glucose from milligrams per deciliter to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.05551.
Glucose levels with significant P values compared with those for unexposed controls: aP = .0044;
b
P = .012;
c
P = .032;
d
P = .041;
e
P = .035;
f
P = .025;
g
P = .020;
h
P = .00060;
i
P = .00070;
j
P = .011;
k
P = .015;
l
P = .0023.