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. 2016 May 11;22(6):497–510. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.04.007

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© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Schematic View of the Functional Roles of PTX3. After injury or infection, proinflammatory cytokines and microbial moieties induce PTX3 production by neutrophils (PMNs), macrophages (MΦs), and mesenchymal cells [fibroblasts, endothelium, smooth muscle cells (SMCs)]. Once released, PTX3 becomes a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker of inflammation and tissue damage. By interacting with various microbial or endogenous ligands, it is an important player in innate immunity and the regulation of inflammation as well as tissue remodeling and repair.