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PTX3 as an Extrinsic Oncosuppressor in Cancer. In cancer, PTX3 gene and protein expression is controlled by the presence of inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1) and/or by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. PTX3 regulates complement-dependent tumor-promoting inflammation in a host, including macrophage infiltration and cytokine production, as well as fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-dependent angiogenesis, which can lead to genetic instability and tumor promotion.
