Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 3.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Soc Secur. 2017 Mar 9;16(4):308–346. doi: 10.1177/138826271401600403

Table A4.

Effects of leave taking on father’s involvement at 9 months – United Kingdom

Model 1 Model 2 - supplementary analysis Model 3 - supplementary analysis

odd ratios std error odd ratios std error odd ratios std error
Feed child at least daily
 Father’s leave (ref.=no leave)
  Paternity or parental leave 1.20* [0.09] 1.21* [0.09] 1.21* [0.09]
   Annual leave 1.02 [0.08] 1.02 [0.08] 1.03 [0.08]
   Other leave inc sick leave 1.19 [0.13] 1.20* [0.13] 1.19+ [0.13]

Changes diaper at least daily
 Father’s leave (ref.=no leave)
  Paternity or parental leave 1.39** [0.09] 1.38** [0.09] 1.38** [0.09]
   Annual leave 1.14+ [0.08] 1.13+ [0.08] 1.14+ [0.08]
   Other leave inc sick leave 1.25* [0.13] 1.25* [0.13] 1.25* [0.13]

Gets up at night for child at least once a day
 Father’s leave (ref.=no leave)
  Paternity or parental leave 1.29** [0.11] 1.28** [0.11] 1.28** [0.11]
   Annual leave 1.27* [0.12] 1.26* [0.12] 1.26* [0.12]
   Other leave inc sick leave 1.10 [0.14] 1.10 [0.14] 1.10 [0.14]

Looks after the child on his own at least once a day
 Father’s leave (ref.=no leave)
  Paternity or parental leave 1.07 [0.09] 1.06 [0.09] 1.07 [0.09]
   Annual leave 0.79* [0.08] 0.78* [0.08] 0.79* [0.08]
   Other leave inc sick leave 1.12 [0.13] 1.12 [0.14] 1.12 [0.13]

Notes:

+

p < 0.10,

*

p < 0.05,

**

p < 0.01,

***

p < 0.001.

Model 1 includes controls for child, father, mother and family characteristics. Model 2 includes same controls as Model 1 plus pre-birth commitment variables. Model 3 includes same controls as Model 1 plus pre-birth commitment variables.