Table 1.

HSOPSC Dimensions, Definitions, Number of Items per Dimension, and Response Scale

Patient Safety Culture Dimension	Definition: The extent to which...	Number of Survey Items	Response Scale
Communication openness	Staff will freely speak up if they see something that may negatively affect patient care, and feel free to question those with more authority	3	1-5 Agree-Disagree
Feedback about error	Staff are informed about errors that happen, given feedback about changes put into place based on event reports, and discuss ways to prevent errors	3	1-5 Never-Always
Nonpunitive response to error	Staff feel that their mistakes are not held against them, and mistakes are not kept in their personnel file	3	1-5 Agree-Disagree
Organizational learning	Mistakes have led to positive changes and changes are evaluated for their effectiveness	3	1-5 Agree-Disagree
Staffing	There are enough staff to handle the workload and work hours are appropriate to provide the best care for patients	4	1-5 Agree-Disagree
Manager expectations for safety	Supervisors/managers consider staff suggestions for improving patient safety, praise staff for following patient safety procedures, and do not overlook patient safety problems	4	1-5 Agree-Disagree
Teamwork within units	Staff support one another, treat each other with respect, and work together as a team	4	1-5 Agree-Disagree
Handoffs and transitions	Important patient care information is transferred across hospital units and during shift changes	4	1-5 Agree-Disagree
Management support for safety	Hospital management provides a work climate that promotes patient safety and shows that patient safety is a top priority	3	1-5 Agree-Disagree
Teamwork across units	Hospital units cooperate and coordinate with one another to provide the best care for patients	4	1-5 Agree-Disagree