Table 2.
Mean rwg, ICC(1), and Descriptive Statistics for all Study Variables.
| Variables | Mean rwg | ICC(1) | Mean | SD | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level 1 – Work Area/Unit a | ||||||
| Communication openness | .815 | .075 | 3.67 | .365 | 1.75 | 5.00 |
| Feedback about error | .796 | .093 | 3.74 | .375 | 1.75 | 5.00 |
| Nonpunitive response to error | .696 | .104 | 3.18 | .449 | 1.37 | 5.00 |
| Organizational learning | .905 | .091 | 3.78 | .310 | 1.83 | 5.00 |
| Staffing | .883 | .164 | 3.48 | .413 | 1.42 | 5.00 |
| Management expectations for safety | .821 | .094 | 3.87 | .378 | 1.67 | 5.00 |
| Teamwork within units | .848 | .101 | 3.95 | .373 | 1.97 | 5.00 |
| Level 2 – Hospital b | ||||||
| Handoffs and transitions | .801 | .046 | 3.25 | .257 | 2.34 | 4.42 |
| Management support for safety | .769 | .061 | 3.72 | .256 | 2.77 | 4.47 |
| Teamwork across units | .843 | .050 | 3.45 | .243 | 2.45 | 4.43 |
| Outcomes a | ||||||
| Frequency of events reported - Composite | .678 | .059 | 3.74 | .380 | 1.00 | 5.00 |
| Near-miss event | .421 | .062 | 3.55 | .437 | 1.00 | 5.00 |
| No potential for harm event | .442 | .053 | 3.65 | .424 | 1.00 | 5.00 |
| Potential for harm event | .596 | .054 | 4.03 | .374 | 1.00 | 5.00 |
Abbreviations: ICC, Intraclass Coefficient; SD, standard deviation; Min, minimum; Max, maximum.
a
These statistics are reported on the unit-level aggregate.
b
These statistics are reported on the hospital-level aggregate.