Table 3.

Work Area/Unit-level and Hospital-level Correlations for all Study Variables.^a,b

Variable	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
Level 1 – Work Area/Unit
1. Communication openness	—	.746	.722	.684	.513	.773	.680	.534	.611	.582	.562	.468	.520	.578
2. Feedback about error	.739	—	.502	.812	.432	.758	.591	.554	.711	.621	.721	.676	.667	.653
3. Nonpunitive response to error	.720	.547	—	.514	.565	.650	.617	.494	.533	.525	.357	.269	.335	.399
4. Organizational learning	.663	.771	.559	—	.500	.702	.658	.566	.795	.663	.637	.605	.587	.574
5. Staffing	.513	.463	.545	.543	—	.553	.587	.639	.656	.615	.345	.236	.301	.433
6. Manager expectations for safety	.752	.733	.653	.518	.621	—	.703	.558	.667	.614	.566	.474	.529	.569
7. Teamwork within units	.651	.582	.569	.483	.412	.465	—	.570	.623	.681	.431	.344	.382	.480
Level 2 - Hospital
8. Handoffs and transitions	.397	.421	.359	.447	.483	.412	.465	—	.701	.860	.481	.406	.437	.499
9. Management support for safety	.561	.656	.506	.715	.595	.635	.501	.558	—	.788	.560	.525	.500	.525
10. Teamwork across units	.500	.532	.458	.567	.497	.506	.541	.734	.685	—	.502	.451	.455	.491
Outcomes
11. Frequency of events reported - Composite	.457	.597	.325	.535	.309	.462	.392	.392	.490	.414	—	.910	.959	.891
12. Near-miss event	.404	.562	.284	.494	.257	.413	.345	.356	.463	.388	.909	—	.825	.671
13. No potential for harm event	.409	.538	.287	.487	.264	.410	.354	.365	.428	.370	.945	.802	—	.826
14. Potential for harm event	.462	.556	.336	.507	.340	.461	.395	.367	.467	.389	.894	.688	.806	—

^aLevel 1 correlations are below the diagonal and Level 2 correlations are above

^bAll values p < .01