Table 3.
SDQ scores childhood and adolescence, by conduct problem trajectory and fish processed food consumption
| SDQ scores (by food type) | Mean SDQ scores (SE) | F-values a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EOP | Low CP | ||||||
| Fish (prenatal) b | <2 svgs/wk | ≥2 svgs/wk | <2 svgs/wk. | ≥2 svgs/wk. | FCP e | FFish | FCP*Fish |
| Emotional difficulties (4-10y) | 0.58 (0.04) | 0.54 (0.06) | -0.16 (0.02) | -0.17 (0.02) | 358.87*** | 0.44 | 0.14 |
| Emotional difficulties (12-13y) | 0.62 (0.04) | 0.44 (0.06) | -0.16 (0.02) | -0.19 (0.02) | 359.32*** | 8.17** f | 4.94* i |
| Hyperactivity (4-10y) | 0.87 (0.04) | 0.80 (0.06) | -0.29 (0.02) | -0.29 (0.02) | 905.59*** | 1.01 | 0.82 |
| Hyperactivity (12-13y) | 0.90 (0.04) | 0.88 (0.06) | -0.24 (0.02) | -0.26 (0.02) | 934.49*** | 0.14 | 0.00 |
| Processed food (prenatal,3y) c | <1 svg/day | ≥1 svg/day | <1 svg/day | ≥1 svg/day | FCP e | FProcessed Food | FCP*Processed Food |
| Emotional difficulties (4-10y) | 0.52 (0.12) | 0.58 (0.04) | -0.20 (0.04) | -0.17 (0.01) | 125.85*** | 0.47 | 0.05 |
| Emotional difficulties (12-13y) | 0.20 (0.11) | 0.58 (0.04) | -0.23 (0.04) | -0.17 (0.01) | 87.85*** | 12.58*** g | 6.86** j |
| Hyperactivity (4-10y) | 0.69 (0.12) | 0.86 (0.04) | -0.41 (0.04) | -0.28 (0.01) | 310.43*** | 5.78* h | 0.06 |
| Hyperactivity (12-13y) | 0.79 (0.12) | 0.91 (0.04) | -0.35 (0.04) | -0.24 (0.01) | 326.01*** | 3.04 | 0.01 |
(CP trajectory [EOP CP vs. Low CP]) × 2(servings) univariate ANOVAs comparing standardized mean scores (z-scores) of emotional difficulty and hyperactivity by CP trajectory and servings of fish or processed food. Overall group differences (F-values) are given for main effects (CP trajectory, servings) and interaction (conduct problem trajectory*servings). All estimates control for total energy intake (prenatal, 3 years), sex, and contextual risk factors. EOP early-onset persistent conduct problems, Low CP low conduct problems; 4-10y = 4–10 years; 12-13y = 12–13 years
adf = 1
b“<2 servings/week” vs. “≥2 servings/week”
c“<1 servings/day” vs. “≥1 servings/day”
Effect sizes (partial eta squared): e η p 2 = 0.019–0.162; f η p 2 = 0.002; g η p 2 = 0.003; h η p 2 = 0.001; i η p 2 = 0.001; j η p 2 = 0.002