Table 1.
Clinical baseline characteristics of individuals
| Variable | Total sample | Male | Female | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographical information | ||||
| n | 455 | 208 | 247 | – |
| Age (years) | 62.80 ± 8.61 | 63.54 ± 8.84 | 62.17 ± 8.37 | 0.016 |
| Height (cm) | 162.12 ± 8.15 | 167.95 ± 6.33 | 157.20 ± 5.99 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 66.63 ± 11.65 | 71.05 ± 10.45 | 62.9 ± 11.30 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 134.30 ± 20.30 | 133.55 ± 19.02 | 134.95 ± 21.33 | 0.305 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81.08 ± 10.12 | 80.93 ± 10.16 | 81.2 ± 10.10 | 0.690 |
| Glucose profile | ||||
| FPG (mmol/L) | 7.34 ± 2.69 | 7.61 ± 2.82 | 7.11 ± 2.56 | 0.006 |
| PBG (mmol/L) | 11.98 ± 4.42 | 12.07 ± 4.62 | 11.9 ± 4.25 | 0.583 |
| FINS (mU/L) | 10.45 ± 24.39 | 9.68 ± 24.23 | 11.09 ± 24.53 | 0.388 |
| Hba1c (%) | 7.17 ± 1.46 | 7.27 ± 1.54 | 7.11 ± 1.49 | 0.315 |
| Laboratory assay | ||||
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.38 ± 1.11 | 5.06 ± 1.07 | 5.64 ± 1.08 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.99 ± 1.18 | 1.99 ± 1.34 | 1.99 ± 1.03 | 0.961 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.30 ± 0.31 | 1.19 ± 0.28 | 1.38 ± 0.29 | <0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.28 ± 0.85 | 3.14 ± 0.82 | 3.40 ± 0.86 | <0.001 |
| SCr (μmol/L) | 81.37 ± 24.04 | 90.93 ± 21.54 | 73.35 ± 23.10 | <0.001 |
| UA (μmol/L) | 298.09 ± 85.47 | 319.48 ± 89.66 | 280.17 ± 77.45 | <0.001 |
| HRV indices | ||||
| HR (b.p.m.) | 75.11 ± 10.41 | 75.29 ± 11.27 | 74.96 ± 9.63 | 0.634 |
| TP (ms2) | 747.3 ± 682.53 | 728.25 ± 734.89 | 763.34 ± 635.42 | 0.440 |
| LF (ms2) | 166.57 ± 225.93 | 183.19 ± 293.24 | 152.57 ± 145.95 | 0.042 |
| HF (ms2) | 152.15 ± 188.51 | 138.57 ± 182.1 | 163.58 ± 193.2 | 0.046 |
| LF/HF | 1.84 ± 2.12 | 2.05 ± 2.33 | 1.66 ± 1.91 | 0.006 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Smoking, yes (%) | 89 (19.56) | 85 (40.87) | 4 (1.62) | <0.001 |
| DMD (years) | 5.24 ± 6.45 | 5.73 ± 6.62 | 4.86 ± 6.29 | 0.063 |
| HTN, yes (%) | 291 (63.96) | 132 (63.46) | 159 (64.37) | 0.776 |
| HTND (years) | 6.42 ± 9.99 | 7.41 ± 10.96 | 5.62 ± 9.05 | 0.008 |
| MetS, yes (%) | 330 (72.53) | 143 (68.75) | 187 (75.71) | 0.019 |
| DCAN, yes (%) | 132 (29.01) | 65 (31.25) | 67 (27.13) | 0.172 |
DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DCAN, diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy; DMD, diabetes duration; FINS, fasting blood insulin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HF, high frequency; HR, heart rate; HTN, hypertension; HTND, hypertension duration; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LF, low frequency; MetS, metabolic syndrome; PBG, plasma blood glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SCr, serum creatinine; TC, serum total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; TP, total power of variance.