Table 1.
Clinical profile of 158 follow‐up cases and the prevalence of complications at the beginning and end
| Attributes | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.0 ± 4.5 | 24.6 ± 4.0* | 24.4 ± 3.5** | 24.4 ± 3.9** |
| Casual blood glucose (mmol/L) | 11.3 ± 5.0 | 9.1 ± 2.0** | 8.8 ± 2.1** | 8.5 ± 1.8** |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.6 ± 2.2 | 7.2 ± 0.9** | 7.0 ± 0.9** | 6.9 ± 0.8** |
| IFCC‐NGSP (mmol/mol) | 70.5 ± 24.0 | 55.2 ± 9.8** | 53.0 ± 9.8** | 51.9 ± 8.7** |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140 ± 19 | 132 ± 13** | 131 ± 12** | 132 ± 11** |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.15 ± 0.83 | 4.58 ± 0.57* | 4.60 ± 0.64** | 4.60 ± 0.54** |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.92 ± 0.72 | 2.40 ± 0.49** | 2.43 ± 0.54** | 2.38 ± 0.47** |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.66 ± 1.15 | 1.50 ± 0.76 | 1.48 ± 0.78* | 1.49 ± 0.78* |
| CVR‐R (%) | 3.26 ± 0.02 | 3.36 ± 0.03 | 3.32 ± 0.03 | 3.43 ± 0.03 |
| Hypertension | 59.5% | 72.8%* | ||
| Retinopathy | 38.0% | 43.0% | ||
| Arteriosclerosis | 51.3% | 55.1% | ||
| Nephropathy | 27.8% | 27.8% | ||
| Polyneuropathy | 30.4% | 29.1% | ||
| Stage of neuropathy | ||||
| (I/II/III/IV+V) | (83.5/12.7/2.5/1.3%) | (83.5/15.2/1.3/0.0%) |
Duration of diabetes was 5.3 ± 7.2 years (mean ± standard deviation), and age was 56.5 ± 9.4 years at the baseline (first year). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs baseline, respectively. CVR‐R, Coefficient of variation of R‐R intervals; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; IFCC‐NGSP, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry‐National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein.