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. 2016 Oct 30;8(3):295–305. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12579

Table 1.

Characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and controls

Characteristics Type 2 diabetes mellitus Without type 2 diabetes mellitus P‐valuea
Overweight T2DM (n = 20) Non‐overweight T2DM (n = 53) P‐value Overweight individuals (n = 24) Non‐overweight individuals (n = 33) P‐value
Age, years (range) 55 (41–76) 53 (41–83) NS 48 (40–72) 47 (38–61) NS <0.0001
Sex (male/female) 11/9 29/24 NS 4/20 8/25 NS 0.002
Smoking (yes/no) 4/16 27/26 NS 0/24 1/32 NS <0.0001
Alcohol use (yes/no) 7/13 26/27 NS 0/24 1/32 NS <0.0001
BMI (range) 25.3 (25–28.3) 19.4 (13.6–21.7) <0.0001 25.5 (25–32.9) 18.7 (15.8–24.9) <0.0001 NS
WHR (range) 0.92 (0.85–0.96) 0.85 (0.74–0.98) <0.0001 0.87 (0.81–0.93) 0.83 (0.73–0.92) <0.0001 0.001
Fasting glucose, mmol/L (range) 16.5 (8.2–25) 15 (7.1–29.8) NS 5.1 (3.8–5.5) 5 (3.8–5.5) NS <0.0001
Blood urea, mmol/L (range) 5.5 (3.8–8.6) 5.2 (2.5–9.2) NS 4.9 (2.5–51) 5.2 (2.1–7.4) NS NS
Blood creatinine, µmol/L (range) 82 (5.7–127) 84 (55–121) NS 75 (49–110) 68 (45–110) NS 0.001
Triglycerides, mmol/L (range) 3.9 (1.5–12) 2.3 (0.5–11.8) 0.01 1.5 (0.6–2.7) 1.8 (0.7–6.9) NS <0.0001
Total cholesterol, mmol/L (range) 6.6 (4.6–8.7) 5.7 (3.4–8.1) 0.0018 4 (2.6–7.4) 4.2 (2.6–6.8) NS <0.0001
HDL‐C, mmol/L (range) 0.9 (0.7–1.1) 0.97 (0.5–1.9) 0.016 1.7 (0.8–2.3) 1.2 (0.6–2.2) NS <0.0001
LDL‐C, mmol/L (range) 3.2 (0.9–5.3) 3.1 (1.4–5.4) NS 2.3 (1–3.6) 2.4 (1.1–3.6) NS <0.0001
Total bilirubin, µmol/L (range) 13 (6.9–20) 12.3 (2.1–21) NS 12.7 (5.7–18) 14.8 (4.4–21.5) NS NS
GOT (AST), U/L (range) 19.5 (8–35) 19 (10–39) NS 25.5 (10–39) 22 (11–36) NS NS
GPT (ALT), U/L (range) 25 (10–39) 23 (10–37) NS 30 (6–39) 27 (10–39) NS NS
Glycosylated hemoglobin (%) 11 (6.8–13.2) 10.6 (6.6–17) NS NA NA NA NA
Insulin, pmol/L (range) 70 (14–133.7) 40 (6.9–160) 0.04 84 (18–118) 12 (8–88) <0.0001 0.05
HOMA‐RI (range) 45.8 (6.3–119.3) 23 (4.7–125) 0.028 19.7 (3.8–29.5) 2.6 (2–2.9) <0.0001 <0.0001
QUICKI (range) 0.5 (0.5–0.7) 0.6 (0.4–0.7) 0.016 0.5 (0.5–0.7) 0.8 (0.5–0.9) <0.0001 <0.0001
HOMA‐β (range) 124.2 (19–365.5) 75.8 (8.8–650) NS 1147.6 (237.5–4000) 157.1 (64–1563.6) <0.0001 <0.0001
a

Comparison between type 2 diabetes mellitus and non‐diabetes mellitus. BMI, body mass index; GOT, glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase (aspartate transaminase [AST]); GPT, glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (aspartate transaminase [ALT]); HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein; HOMA‐β, homeostatic model assessment β‐cell function; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment ‐insulin resistance; NA, not applicable; NS, not significant; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; WHR, waist‐to‐hip ratio.