Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with P. mirabilis bacteremia
| Factors | non-ESBL-producing group N = 48 |
ESBL producing group N = 14 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median(IQR) | 71.0 (60.5–79) | 74.5 (61.0–80.25) | 0.706 |
| Age ≥ 65 years, n(%) | 30 (60.0) | 9 (64.3) | 0.903 |
| Male, n(%) | 18 (37.5) | 9 (64.3) | 0.075 |
| BMI, kg/m2,median(IQR) | 22.37 (20.51–25.54) | 21.21 (18.80–23.46) | 0.247 |
| Infection source | |||
| Urinary tract infection, n(%) | 28 (58.3) | 4 (28.6) | 0.05 |
| Pneumonia, n(%) | 3 (6.3) | 6 (42.9) | 0.003 |
| Skin and soft tissue infection, n(%) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (7.1) | 0.403 |
| Biliary infection, n(%) | 9 (18.8) | 0 (0) | 0.105 |
| Catheter related infection, n(%) | 2 (4.2) | 1 (7.1) | 0.543 |
| Others, n(%) | 5 (10.5) | 2 (14.3) | 0.61 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| HTN, n(%) | 31 (64.6) | 7 (50) | 0.324 |
| DM, n(%) | 19 (39.6) | 5 (35.7) | 0.794 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n(%) | 4 (8.3) | 4 (28.6) | 0.069 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n(%) | 6 (12.5) | 1 (7.1) | 1.000 |
| Chronic liver disease, n(%) | 3 (6.3) | 3 (21.4) | 0.122 |
| Solid tumor, n(%) | 25 (52.1) | 7 (50) | 0.891 |
| Hematologic malignancy, n(%) | 2 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Solid organ transplantation, n(%) | 3 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Charlson score, median(IQR) | 2.0 (1.0–2.75) | 2.0 (1.0–3.25) | 0.151 |
| Predisposing factors | |||
| Neutropenia, n(%) | 2 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Chemotherapy, n(%) | 5 (10.4) | 3 (21.4) | 0.365 |
| Nursing home residence, n(%) | 7 (14.6) | 0 (0) | 0.334 |
| Hemodialysis, n(%) | 7 (14.6) | 4 (28.6) | 0.249 |
| ICU care, n(%) | 11 (22.9) | 8 (57.1) | 0.022 |
| Maintaining foley catheter, n(%) | 11 (22.9) | 6 (42.9) | 0.141 |
| Maintaining PEG tube, n(%) | 1 (2.1) | 4 (28.6) | 0.008 |
| Previous antibiotic use | 13 (27.1) | 7 (50) | 0.12 |
| Cephalosporins, n(%) | 6 (12.5) | 2 (14.3) | 1.000 |
| Carbapenems, n(%) | 2 (4.2) | 2 (4.2) | 0.217 |
| Fluorquinolones, n(%) | 2 (4.2) | 1 (7.1) | 0.543 |
| BLBLIs, n(%) | 4 (8.4) | 1 (7.1) | 1.000 |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| Shock, n(%) | 17 (35.4) | 6 (42.9) | 0.612 |
| Acute kidney injury, n(%) | 15 (31.3) | 2 (14.3) | 0.313 |
| APACHE II score, median(IQR) | 12.0 (8.0–16.75) | 13.5 (10.75–19.25) | 0.115 |
| SOFA score, median(IQR) | 3.0 (1.0–5.75) | 4.0 (1.0–6.5) | 0.85 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Inappropriate antimicrobial therapy, n(%) | 9 (18.8) | 6 (42.9) | 0.082 |
| Overall mortality, n(%) | 25 (52.1) | 11 (78.6) | 0.077 |
| 28-day mortality, n(%) | 4 (8.3) | 7 (50) | 0.001 |
ESBL extended spectrum β-lactamases, IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, HTN hypertension, DM diabetes mellitus, ICU intensive care unit, PEG percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, BLBLIs beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors, APACHE II score Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, SOFA score the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score