Table 1.

QTLs related to phosphorus uptake, phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) and phosphorus utilization in different crop species

Species	Description	References
Oryza sativa	Major QTLs for root length, elongation and internal PUE. Most are located on chromosomes 6 and 9.	[68–70]
Zea mays	QTLs for root hair length and plasticity, ear length and diameter, row number/ear, kernel number/row, 100-kernel weight, grain yield/plant for higher PUE. These QTLs are located on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 10.	[71, 73]
Triticum aestivum	QTLs for tillers/plant, shoot dry weight, shoot and whole plant phosphorus uptake as well as PUE. These QTLs are distributed on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6B, 7A, 7B and 7D.	[72, 107, 108]
Phaseolus vulgaris	QTLs for root-hair density, root-hair length, H+ exudation and total acid exudation, distributed on different chromosomes.	[74]
Glycine max	QTLs for root traits, phosphorus content, total plant biomass and yield traits. These QTLs are mostly located on chromosomes 7, 12 and 17.	[75]
Brassica oleracea	QTLs for shoot phosphorus content and PUE, located on chromosomes 3 and 4, respectively.	[77]
Brassica napus	QTLs for primary branches, plant height, seed number/pod and pod number/plant, on chromosomes A2, A3 A5 and C6.	[76]
Brassica rapa	QTLs for seed phytate, leaf phosphate and phytate contents as well as PUE. The expression QTLs are located on chromosomes A6 and A1, and the phenotypic QTLs are mostly located on chromosomes A1, A3, A8, C1, C3 and C7.	[78]