Table 2.
The variation trend of metabolites in serum or tissue compared to the control.
| Metabolites | The regulatory tendency and statistical analysis relative to the controls | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | Serum | Tissue | ||
| Glycolysis | ||||
| Glucose | ↓↓ | ∗ | ↓ | / |
| Pyruvic acid, lactic acid | ↑↑ | ∗ | ↓ | ∗ |
| Glucose-6-phosphate | ± | / | ↑↑ | ∗ |
| Ribose | ↓↓ | ∗ | ↑↑ | ∗ |
| TCA cycle | ||||
| Citric acid, α-ketoglutarate, and malic acid | ↑↑ | ∗ | ↑↑ | ∗ |
| cis-Aconitic acid | ↑ | ∗ | ± | / |
| Succinic acid | ↓ | ∗ | ↑↑ | / |
| Fumaric acid | ↑ | ∗ | ↑ | / |
| Amino acid metabolism | ||||
| Arginine | ↓↓ | ∗ | ↑ | ∗ |
| Glutamic acid, glycine, and phenylalanine | ↓↓ | ∗ | ↑↑ | ∗ |
| Tryptophan, methionine | ↓ | ∗ | ↑ | ∗ |
| Serine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, proline, threonine, hydroxyproline, and ornithine | ↓ | ∗ | ↑↑ | ∗ |
| Tyrosine, kynurenic acid, asparagine, and histidine | ± | / | ↑↑ | ∗ |
| Alanine | ↓ | ∗ | ↑ | / |
| Cystine | ↓↓ | ∗ | ↑↑ | / |
| Taurine | ↑↑ | ∗ | ± | / |
| Pyroglutamic acid, creatinine | ↓ | ∗ | ↓ | ∗ |
| Urea | ± | / | ↓↓ | ∗ |
| Urate | ± | / | ↑ | ∗ |
| Lysine | ↑ | ∗ | ↑ | ∗ |
| Cysteine | ↑ | ∗ | ↑ | / |
| Glutamine | ↑↑ | ∗ | ↓ | ∗ |
| Fatty acid metabolism | ||||
| Monostearin, pipecolic acid | ↓↓ | ∗ | ± | / |
| Tetradecanoic acid, glyceric acid, docosahexaenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and 2-hydroxyvaleric acid | ↓ | ∗ | ± | / |
| Stearic acid | ± | / | ↑ | ∗ |
| Oleic acid, aminomalonic acid | ± | / | ↑↑ | ∗ |
| Cholesterol, myo-inositol-1-phosphate | ↑ | ∗ | ↑ | / |
| Linoleic acid | ↓ | ∗ | ↑ | ∗ |
| Nucleotide metabolism | ||||
| Uracil | ± | / | ↑↑ | ∗ |
| Hypoxanthine | ↑↑ | / | ↑ | ∗ |
↓, ↓↓ show downregulation by at least 20% or 50%, respectively.
↑, ↑↑ show upregulation by at least 20% or 50%, respectively.
± shows marginal regulation without statistical significance; ∗ shows P < 0.05; / shows P > 0.05.