Table 1. Overview of Original Literature Data on Analysis of Individual Organic Compounds in Shale Gas FPW.
| source | shale basins | water | analyzed compounds | extraction method | analytical method | detection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hayes, 2009; Hayes and Severin, 2012 | Marcellus shale (19 wells); Barnett shale (5 wells) | flowback and produced (Marcellus shale); Flowback (Barnett shale) | 70 VOC; 116 sVOC; 22 pesticides; 7 PCBs; ethylene glycol | purge-and-trap | GC-MSa | quantitative |
| Maguire-Boylee and Barron, 2014 | Marcellus shale; Eagle Ford shale; Barnett shale | produced | identification of organic compounds using NIST library | liquid\liquid extraction with chloroform (acidified and nonacidified conditions) | GC-MSa | qualitative |
| Orem et al., 2014 | Marcellus shale;New Albany shale | flowback and produced | identification of organic compounds using NIST library and standard compounds | liquid\liquid extraction with dichloromethane | GC-MSa | semiquantitative |
| Thurman et al., 2014 | Denver-Julesburg basin; Barnett shale; Marcellus shale; Haynesville basin | flowback and produced | ethoxylated surfactants | direct injection | HPLC/Q-TOF-MSb | qualitative |
| Ferrer and Thurman, 2015 | Denver-Julesburg basin | flowback and produced | biocides (ADBAC, glutaraldehyde); surfactant (cocamidopropyl dimethylamine); thickener (guar gum) | direct injection | HPLC/Q-TOF-MSb | qualitative |
| Lester et al., 2015 | Denver-Julesburg basin | flowback | VOC; sVOC; surfactants | purge and trap (VOC, sVOC); direct injection (trace organics) | GC-MSa; HPLC/Q-TOF-MSb | quantitative (VOC, sVOC); qualitative (trace organics) |
| Thacker et al., 2015 | Barnett shale | not specified | VOC; sVOC;nonvolatile organics | purge and trap (VOC, sVOC); Direct injection (trace organics) | GC-MS;a HPLC-HRMSc | qualitative |
| Regnery et al., 2016 | Denver-Julesburg basin | produced | linear aliphatic hydrocarbons (n-C10 to n-C32); PAH-16 | solid-phase extraction | GC-MSa | quantitative |
a
Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.
b
High pressure liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
c
High performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry.