Figure 1.

Comparison of levels of immune markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from classical myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and atypical ME/CFS cases. Comparison of cytokine levels (mean±s.e.m., in pg ml⁻¹) in CSF from classical (C) and atypical (A) ME/CFS cases with short (⩽3 years) vs long (>3 years) illness duration. Only cytokines meeting significance criteria after Bonferroni–Holm correction for multiple comparisons are represented. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001 indicate P-values from two-sample t-test comparisons. IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.