Table 1. Table describing the demographic and task-related data for the distressed and healthy control groups.
| Control | Distressed | Statistical comparison | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gendera | 29 F, 23 M | 36 F, 12 M | χ2=4.057, P=0.044 |
| Agea | 21.30 (1.76) | 22.041 (2.22) | T(89.67)=−1.85 (P=0.068) |
| Educationa | 5.31 (1.058) | 5.33 (1.098) | T<1 |
| STAI traita | 30.56 (5.19) | 56.27 (11.25) | T(64.96)=−14.48, P<0.001 |
| STAI state | 28.50 (6.17) | 48.25 (11.66) | T(70.089)=10.46, P<0.001 |
| HAMA | 0.56 (1.092) | 13.00 (6.66) | T(48.59)=−3.39, P<0.001 |
| HAMDa | 0.75 (1.38) | 15.81 (6.59) | T(50.83)=−15.52, P<0.001 |
| YMRS | 0.21 (0.46) | 3.60 (3.13) | T(45.54)=7.10, P<0.001 |
| NART IQ | 108.87 (6.71) | 107.081 (8.030) | T(98)=1.21, P=0.23 |
| Framewise displacementa | 0.19 (0.066) | 0.20 (0.10) | T<1 |
| Main Task RT | 780.74 (214.70) | 808.037 (267.49) | T<1 |
| Post Task RTb | 2272.10 (609.12) | 2398.63 (1018.73) | T<1 |
| Biasb | 0.54 (0.11) | 0.56 (0.11) | T<1 |
| Betab | 0.30 (0.091) | 0.34 (0.12) | T(89)=1.72, P=0.088 |
| BICb | −24.068 (6.42) | −26.18 (7.61) | T(89)=1.43, P=0.16 |
| BIS-11 Motora | 21.81 (3.087) | 21.17 (4.27) | T<1 |
| BIS-11 Attentiona | 14.40 (3.11) | 17.75 (3.74) | T(98)=−4.88, P<0.001 |
| BIS-11 Non Planninga | 21.94 (4.22) | 22.65 (5.00) | T<1 |
| BAS Drivea | 11.40 (1.88) | 11.25 (2.65) | T<1 |
| BAS Fun Seekinga | 12.54 (1.75) | 12.02 (2.56) | T(82.40)=1.17, P=0.25 |
| BAS Reward responsivenessa | 17.38 (1.85) | 17.06 (2.046) | T<1 |
| MASQ-ADa | 50.63 (9.00) | 75.48 (16.032) | T(72.67)=−9.45, P<0.001 |
| MASQ-AA | 18.25 (1.61) | 29.98 (11.93) | T(48.58)=−6.75, P<0.001 |
| SHAPSa | 19.02 (5.11) | 27.65 (6.88) | T(81.95)=−6.66, P<0.001 |
| SSS Boredom Susceptibilitya | 2.75 (2.038) | 3.13 (1.65) | T(98)=−1.007, P=0.32 |
| SSS Disinhibitiona | 4.06 (2.25) | 3.96 (2.44) | T<1 |
| SSS Experience Seekinga | 5.90 (1.79) | 5.21 (2.021) | T(98)=1.83, P=0.071 |
| SSS Thrill and Adventure Seekinga | 7.58 (2.24) | 5.27 (3.058) | T(85.59)=4.33, P<0.001 |
| UPPS-P Sensation Seekinga | 37.65 (5.66) | 32.00 (8.60) | T(80.27)=3.85, P<0.001 |
| UPPS-P Lack of Perseverancea | 17.92 (3.68) | 21.96 (4.80) | T(98)=−4.81, P<0.001 |
| UPPS-P Lack of Premeditationa | 20.88 (5.26) | 21.04 (5.71) | T<1 |
| UPPS-P Negative Urgencya | 22.69 (5.15) | 31.94 (6.99) | T(86.012)=−7.49, P<0.001 |
| UPPS-P Positive Urgencya | 21.15 (6.68) | 26.17 (9.87) | T(81.66)=−2.95, P=0.004 |
Abbreviations: BAS, Behavioral Activation System Scales; BIC, Bayesian Information Criterion; BIS-11, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; F, female; HAMA, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HAMD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; M, male; MASQ, Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire; SHAPS, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale; SSS, Sensation Seeking Scale; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale.
Inclusion in the elastic net regression models as independent measures. Duplicate measures of the same factor were not included, for example, IQ was not included because of overlap with years of education, which was included; STAI state and HAMA were not included because of overlap with STAI-trait.
Behavioral data: high performing participants only (n=91); BIC applies to behavioral model fit.