Table 1. Demographic characteristics and baseline data of the study sample.
| Variable | Baclofen (n=18) | Placebo (n=16) | X2 | t | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years,M(s.d.) | 46.4 (8.9) | 42.1 (10.8) | 1.30 | 0.20 | |
| Gender, males, n (%) | 14 (77.8) | 13 (81.3) | 0.06 | 0.80 | |
| Race, African Americans, n(%) | 11 (61.1) | 12 (75.0) | 0.93 | 0.63 | |
| Education, years,M(s.d.) | 12.4 (3.7) | 13.2 (3.4) | −0.62 | 0.54 | |
| BMI, kg/m2, M (s.d.) | 31.1 (8.5) | 28 (4.1) | 1.39 | 0.18 | |
| Cigarette smokers, n (%) | 12 (66.7) | 7 (43.8) | 1.80 | 0.18 | |
| FTND score, M(s.d.) | 3.5 (3.4) | 2.7 (1.7) | −0.61 | 0.54 | |
| Age of onset of alcohol dependencea, years,M(s.d.) | 30.6 (11.3) | 28.0 (10.3) | 0.68 | 0.50 | |
| Average drinks per drinking daysb, M(s.d.) | 8.6 (4.8) | 9.1 (6.5) | −0.26 | 0.80 | |
| Number of heavy drinking daysb,c, M (s.d.) | 56.3 (32.5) | 51.73 (25.02) | 0.45 | 0.64 | |
| Family history density of problem drinkingd, M(s.d.) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.2) | −1.13 | 0.27 | |
| ADS score, M(s.d.) | 12.5 (5.6) | 11.7 (4.7) | 0.46 | 0.65 | |
| SRE score, M(s.d.) | 10.6 (7.1) | 7.5 (2.5) | 1.72 | 0.10 | |
| AUQ score, M(s.d.) | 26.5 (12.4) | 28.1 (10.6) | −0.41 | 0.69 | |
| OCDS score,M (s.d.) | |||||
| Obsessive | 4.4 (3.0) | 6.8 (3.5) | −2.10 | 0.04 | |
| Compulsive | 9.3 (3.3) | 9.5 (2.4) | −0.17 | 0.87 | |
| Total | 13.8 (5.5) | 16.3 (5.2) | −1.34 | 0.19 | |
| MADRS score, M(s.d.) | 4.7 (7.5) | 4.3 (4.0) | 0.19 | 0.85 | |
| BSA score, M(s.d.) | 4.5 (5.2) | 3.6 (3.3) | 0.59 | 0.56 | |
| Trait-STAI score, M(s.d.) | 46.0 (5.9) | 48.8 (6.9) | −1.28 | 0.21 | |
| Mood disordersa,n(%) | |||||
| Current | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 0.92 | 0.34 | |
| Lifetime | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 1.89 | 0.17 | |
| Anxiety disordersa,n(%) | |||||
| Current | 4 (22.2) | 1 (6.3) | 1.72 | 0.19 | |
| Lifetime | 5 (27.8) | 1 (6.3) | 2.70 | 0.10 | |
| Substance use disordersa,e,n(%) | |||||
| Current | 1 (5.6)f | 1 (6.3)g | 0.01 | 0.93 | |
| Lifetime | 12 (66.7) | 8 (50.0) | 0.97 | 0.32 | |
Abbreviations: ADS, Alcohol Dependence Scale; AUQ, Alcohol Urge Questionnaire; BMI, body mass index; BSA, Brief Scale for Anxiety; FTND, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; M, mean; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; OCDS, Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders; s.d., standard deviation; SRE, Self-Rating of Effects of Alcohol; STAI, Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory; TLFB, Timeline Followback.
Based on SCID.
Based on alcohol TLFB 90 days prior to the in-person screening visit. Note: paired samples t-test showed a significant decrease in self-reported drinking measures of the whole sample from the in-person screening visit to the baseline/randomization visit based on TLFB 30 days prior to each visit (total drinks: t=2.50, P=0.02).
Heavy drinking day: ⩾4 and 5 drinks on a day for females and males, respectively.
Based on Family Tree Questionnaire: density of relatives (siblings, parents, grandparents) with definite problem drinking (self-reported).
Including substance abuse and/or dependence, other than alcohol and nicotine.
Current cannabis abuse.
Current cocaine abuse. Significant (<0.05) P values are shown in bold.