Table 1. Demographics of study cohort.
| ASC males (n=61) mean±s.d., [range] | Male controls (n=61) mean±s.d., [range] | ASC females (n=37) mean±s.d., [range] | Female controls (n=54) mean±s.d., [range] | Statistics P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 26.0±7.0, [18–41] | 28.5±6.8, [18–45] | 25.4±6.1, [18–37] | 27.9±7.3, [18–52] | MC>FA (P=0.028) |
| FSIQ, WASI | 115.3±12.6, [77–137] | 110.9±11.8, [88–133] | 113.7±15.0, [73–136] | 120.0±7.9, [99–137] | MA<FC (P=0.016), MC<FC (P<0.001), FA<FC (P=0.024) |
| PIQ, WASI | 115.2±13.8, [75–138] | 111.3±13.1, [84–138] | 109.1±15.8, [67–137] | 116.0±9.1, [96–134] | MA>FA (P=0.048), MC<FC (P=0.027), FA<FC (P=0.020) |
| VIQ, WASI | 112.3±12.6, [71–137] | 108.3±13.0, [84–139] | 115.3±15.7, [67–144] | 119.1±9.1, [96–141] | MA<FC (P=0.001), MC<FA (P=0.019), MC<FC (P<0.001) |
| ADI-R Totalb | 36.7±9.2, [20–57] | 33.5±9.0, [21–64] | NS | ||
| ADI-R Socialb | 18.1±5.4, [9–28] | 16.3±4.6, [10–29] | NS | ||
| ADI-R Communicationb | 13.7±4.3, [8–24] | 12.8±4.4, [7–25] | NS | ||
| ADI-R Repetitive Behaviorb | 4.9±2.2, [2–10] | 4.4±1.9, [2–10] | NS | ||
| ADOS Totalc | 9.4±4.3, [1–21] | 6.8±6.0, [0–22] | MA>FA (P=0.016) | ||
| ADOS Social Interactionc | 6.1±3.0, [1–14] | 4.7±3.8, [0–14] | MA>FA (P=0.042) | ||
| ADOS Communicationc | 1.2±1.2, [0–5] | 2.2±2.3, [0–8] | MA>FA (P=0.008) |
Abbreviations: ADI-R, Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised; ADOS, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; ASC, autism spectrum condition; FA, females with ASC diagnosis; FC, female controls; FSIQ, Full-scale IQ; IQ, intelligence quotient; MA, males with ASC diagnosis; MC, male controls; WASI, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence.
P-values were not corrected for multiple comparisons. n.s, not significant (P>0.05). When Levene's Test for Equality of Variances showed significant non-equal variances, equal variance was not assumed.
Information was available for all ASC participants. ADI-R Total is the sum of the Social interaction, Communication and Repetitive Behaviour scores for which respectively cutoff values of 10, 8 and 3 were used. Cutoff was not reached by 1 point for 2 male participants in the social interaction domain, 1 female participant in the communication domain and by 6 male and 6 female participants in the repetitive behavior domain.
Information was available for 59 male ASC participants. ADOS Total is the sum of the Social Interaction and Communication scores for which cutoff values of 7, 4 and 2 are used, respectively; 43 male and 14 female individuals passed ADOS cutoff scores for ASC.