Fig. 8.

Effects of microinjection of antisense MO oligonucleotides targeting SnRXRα or SnRFC3 on sea urchin S. nudus embryogenesis. Embryos are lateral views with the animal pole at the top. Uninjected embryos and embryos injected with a control MO developed to the complete pluteus larval stage. SnRXRα MO-injected embryos developed abnormally from the early blastula stage [21–30 h post-fertilization (hpf)], and further development was stopped at this stage. SnRFC3 MO-injected embryos showed failures of complete archenteron (arrowheads) and oral arm (asterisks) formation. #, Number of embryos/total number of injected embryos.