Fig. 1.
Tsc22d3-2Δ/y mice show reduction in weight, mild hyperinsulinemia, and resistance to high-fat diet. Panel A, Body weight values of control mice (●) and knockout mice (○; n ≥ 8 per group) *, P < 0.05. Panels B and C, Glucose tolerance test (GTT) (1.5 mg/g body weight) (panel B) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) (0.8 mU/g) (panel C) (n ≥ 6 per group). Panel D, Glucagon (brown, α cells) and insulin (rose, β cells) expression in pancreatic islets of Langerhans from control (left) and knockout (right) mice; (n = 3 mice per group; bar, 50 mm). Panel E, Ratio of glucagon-positive Langerhans cells per islet (left) and plasma glucagon levels (right) (n ≥ 15 images; n = 3 mice per group) in control (black bars) and knockout mice (white bars). **, P < 0.001. F, Body weight values of control (●) and knockout mice after 18 wk of a high-fat diet (○) (n ≥ 11 per group). Panel G, Plasma insulin concentration in control and knockout mice upon normal-chow (black, control; white, knockout) and high-fat (gray, control; red, knockout) diet in fed, fasted, and refed conditions (n ≥ 10 per group). Panel H, Representative pictures of H&E-stained liver sections from control (left) and knockout (right) mice upon chow (top) and high-fat diet (bottom) after 18 consecutive weeks (n = 3 mice per group; bar, 100 mm). Panels I and J, Two days after confluence, MEF cells were induced (D, differentiated) or not (ND, not differentiated) to differentiate into adipocytes; overview (panel I) and higher-magnification view (panel J) of Oil Red O-stained cells at 8 d after induction. Panels K and L, Quantitative RT-PCR of Tsc22d3-2, Pparγ2, Pparγ, and Fabp4 from nondifferentiated (ND) and differentiated (D) MEF cells from control and knockout mice (panel K) and Pparγ2, Pparγ, Tsc22d1, adiponectin, aP2 (Fabp4), and Klf15 in fat tissues isolated from control (black bars) and knockout (white bars) (n = 3 animals) (panel L). Experiments were performed in triplicate. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001. ctrl, Control; ko, knockout.