CtBP1 deficiency deregulates multiple genes involved in pituitary cell growth. Changes in gene expression at the mRNA and/or protein levels for Enpp2 (A), Sstr1 (B), and Spry2 (C, mRNA; D, protein). Relative mRNA levels were calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method, with GAPDH, PGK1, and cyclophilin A as endogenous controls. Densitometric quantification of Spry2 are normalized to GAPDH expression. Bar graphs depict mean values for three experiments. Significance was calculated according to the Student's paired t test.