Table 1.

Epidemiological and laboratory data of patients with confirmed or probable fatal flea-borne typhus in Texas, 1985–2015

Patient (age/sex)	Ethnicity	Animal exposure	Flea exposure	Onset (month/year)	Days from onset to death	Case status	Reciprocal IgG IFA titer(s) to Rickettsia typhi
81/F	Hispanic	Yes*†	Unknown	June 1985	11	Confirmed	64, 1,024
67/M	Non-Hispanic	No	No	September 1986	17	Probable	256
36/M	Hispanic	Unknown	Unknown	June 1991	8	Confirmed	≥1,024
72/M	Hispanic	Unknown	Unknown	June 1995	34	Confirmed	≥1,024
73/F	Hispanic	Yes†	Yes	December 1998	6	Probable	512§
53/M	Hispanic	Unknown	Unknown	January 2007	6	Confirmed	≥1,024
36/M	Non-Hispanic	Yes*‡	Yes	April 2012	13	Confirmed	≥4,096
50/M	Non-Hispanic	Yes†	Unknown	May 2013	20	Confirmed	≥4,096¶
55/M	Hispanic	Yes†‡	Yes	May 2013	14	Probable	256
84/F	Hispanic	Unknown	Unknown	November 2014	12	Probable	64∥
62/M	Unknown	Yes‡	Unknown	January 2015	9	Probable	256**

IFA = indirect immunofluorescence antibody.

Reported exposure to: * opossum, † cat, ‡ dog.

^§Patient also had 1:40 titer to R. typhi by slide agglutination assay.

^¶Patient also had a skin biopsy specimen positive for a typhus group Rickettsia sp.by immunohistochemical stain.

^∥Patient also had a reciprocal IgM IFA titer of 512 on same date.

^**Patient also had a reciprocal IgM IFA titer of 2,048 on same date.