Table 1.
Demographic and Treatment Characteristics of Survivors
| Survivors with acute leukoencephalopathy (N=51) | Survivors without acute leukoencephalopathy (N=139) | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| No (%) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | No (%) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | ||
|
| |||||||
| Demographics | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 30 (59) | 66 (47) | 0·17 | ||||
| Female | 21 (41) | 73 (52) | |||||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| White | 39 (76) | 102 (73) | 0·84 | ||||
| Asian | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | |||||
| Black | 5 (10) | 19 (14) | |||||
| Hispanics | 5 (10) | 10 (7) | |||||
| Others | 1 (2) | 6 (4) | |||||
| Current age (years) | 14·8 (4·5) | 14·4 (11·3 – 18·4) | 13·3 (4·3) | 12·3 (10·0 – 15·4) | 0·024 | ||
| Survivor education | 8·1 (3·9) | 8·0 (5·0 – 12·0) | 6·7 (3·7) | 6·0 (4·0 – 9·0) | 0·023 | ||
| Highest maternal education | 14·1 (2·4) | 14·0 (12·0 – 16·0) | 13·7 (2·6) | 13·5 (12·0 – 16·0) | 0·39 | ||
| Highest paternal education | 14·3 (2·8) | 12·5 (12·0 – 17·0) | 13·6 (3·1) | 13·0 (12·0 – 16·0) | 0·38 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Treatment characteristics | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 7·1 (4·7) | 5·3 (3·3 – 10·8) | 5·7 (3·8) | 4·5 (2·9 – 7·2) | 0·19 | ||
| Time since diagnosis (years) | 7·8 (1·9) | 7·2 (6·2 – 9·3) | 7·6 (1·6) | 7·5 (6·3 – 8·8) | 0·69 | ||
| Risk | |||||||
| Low | 27 (53) | 88 (63) | 0·20 | ||||
| High/standard | 24 (47) | 51 (37) | |||||
| Oral dexamethasone (g/m2) | 1·0 (0·3) | 1·1 (0·9 – 1·2) | 1·1 (0·3) | 1·1 (1·0 – 1·2) | 0·28 | ||
| IV asparaginase (1000 units/m2) | |||||||
| Erwinia-asparaginase | 547·0 (328·7) | 634·8 (231·5 – 858·2) | 294·7 (201·4) | 244·8 (178·9 – 291·0) | 0·056 | ||
| L-asparaginase | 267·3 (176·9) | 243·6 (111·8 – 464·0) | 271·4 (178·1) | 238·5 (115·6 – 464·5) | 0·85 | ||
| Pegylated asparaginase | 9·1 (8·9) | 7·5 (2·5 – 10·3) | 11·9 (9·8) | 10·11 (7·5 – 12·5) | 0·14 | ||
| IV cytarabine (g/m2) | |||||||
| Standard-dose | 2·6 (2·5) | 0·7 (0·6 – 4·3) | 1·9 (1·9) | 0·6 (0·6 – 4·3) | 0·43 | ||
| High-dose | 7·8 (0·8) | 8·0 (8·0 – 8·0) | 8·9 (3·9) | 8·0 (8·0 – 8·0) | 0·18 | ||
| IV cyclophosphamide (g/m2) | 2·8 (1·9) | 1·0 (1·0 – 4·7) | 2·3 (1·8) | 1·0 (1·0 – 4·6) | 0·49 | ||
| IV daunorubicin (mg/m2) | 47·9 (6·8) | 50·0 (49·0 – 50·0) | 50·4 (15·2) | 50·0 (49·3 – 50·9) | 0·051 | ||
| IV doxorubicin (mg/m2) | 115·1 (58·2) | 78·5 (61·0 – 180·7) | 102·7 (54·8) | 62·3 (60·8 – 173·6) | 0·16 | ||
| IV leucovorin (mg/m2) | 345·5 (160·8) | 310·0 (220·0 – 390·0) | 331·9 (191·4) | 282·5 (200·0 – 395·0) | 0·15 | ||
| Methotrexate + | |||||||
| IV standard-dose (g/m2) | 3·5 (0·9) | 3·6 (3·0 – 4·1) | 4·1 (2·5) | 3·8 (3·3 – 4·6) | 0·069 | ||
| IV high-dose (g/m2) | 15·3 (4·5) | 14·8 (11·1 – 18·5) | 15·6 (7·3) | 14·1 (11·4 – 19·1) | 1·00 | ||
| IT (ml)^ | 171·5 (58·0) | 166·0 (144·0 – 204·0) | 165·1 (52·4) | 144·0 (132·0 – 180·0) | 0·11 | ||
| IV vincristine (mg/m2) | 57·1 (13·9) | 59·3 (45·4 – 67·1) | 61·2 (10·7) | 64·5 (57·9 – 68·0) | 0·028 | ||
| IT MHA chemotherapy^ | |||||||
| No. of IT injections | 15·1 (4·1) | 15·0 (12·0 – 17·0) | 14·0 (3·9) | 12·0 (11·0 – 16·0) | 0·065 | ||
Abbreviations: HD, high-dose; IQR, inter-quartile range; IT MHA, intrathecal injection of MTX plus hydrocortisone plus cytarabine; IV, intravenous; SD, standard deviation
+
Standard and HD IV methotrexate was calculated separately. HD IV methotrexate was defined as more than 1g/m2 of IV methotrexate.
^
IT methotrexate is administered, where 1 mL contains methotrexate 1 mg, hydrocortisone 2 mg, and cytarabine 3 mg