Table 3. LMMs investigating how experimentally changing the social status affects the levels of SOD activity in RBCs, SOD activity in sperm, and the proportion of SOD in sperm relative to total SOD activity (sperm + RBCs).
a) SOD activity in RBCs | ||||
Random effects | Estimates ± SE | Z | P | |
Aviary | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 1.22 | 0.11 | |
Sampling batch | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.47 | |
Fixed effects | F | df | P | |
Intercept | 3.85 ± 1.72 | |||
Body mass | 0.04 ± 0.04 | 1.24 | 1, 35.3 | 0.27 |
Tarsus length | 0.15 ± 0.07 | 4.42 | 1, 33.8 | 0.04 |
Initial statusa | 1.42 | 3, 37.3 | 0.26 | |
Dominant | 0.20 ± 0.24 | |||
Subordinate-1 | 0.50 ± 0.27 | |||
Subordinate-2 | 0.18 ± 0.22 | |||
Final statusa | 1.38 | 3, 28.8 | 0.27 | |
Dominant | -0.16 ± 0.27 | |||
Subordinate-1 | -0.04 ± 0.20 | |||
Subordinate-2 | 0.11 ± 0.22 | |||
Initial status x Final statusb | 0.99 | 9, 34.4 | 0.47 | |
Dominant x dominant | 0.24 ± 0.35 | |||
Dominant x subordinate-1 | 0.53 ± 0.35 | |||
Dominant x subordinate-2 | 0.28 ± 0.37 | |||
Subordinate-1 x dominant | 0.96 ± 0.43 | |||
Subordinate-1 x subordinate-1 | 0.56 ± 0.34 | |||
Subordinate-1 x subordinate-2 | 0.37 ± 0.36 | |||
Subordinate-2 x dominant | 0.07 ± 0.37 | |||
Subordinate-2 x subordinate-1 | 0.18 ± 0.31 | |||
Subordinate-2 x subordinate-2 | -0.07 ± 0.32 | |||
b) SOD activity in sperm | ||||
Random effects | Estimates ± SE | Z | P | |
Aviary | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Sampling batch | 0.14 ± 0.16 | 0.84 | 0.20 | |
Fixed effects | F | df | P | |
Intercept | 6.87 ± 3.62 | |||
Body mass | -0.02 ± 0.08 | 0.07 | 1, 39.2 | 0.79 |
Tarsus length | -0.01 ± 0.16 | 0.01 | 1, 39.2 | 0.93 |
Initial statusa | 0.43 | 3, 39 | 0.73 | |
Dominant | -0.64 ± 0.49 | |||
Subordinate-1 | 0.57 ± 0.56 | |||
Subordinate-2 | 0.02 ± 0.44 | |||
Final statusa | 0.74 | 3, 39 | 0.54 | |
Dominant | 1.01 ± 0.59 | |||
Subordinate-1 | 0.15 ± 0.43 | |||
Subordinate-2 | -0.02 ± 0.48 | |||
Initial status x Final statusb | 2.29 | 9, 39.3 | 0.036 | |
Dominant x dominant | -0.22 ± 0.74 | |||
Dominant x subordinate-1 | 0.85 ± 0.76 | |||
Dominant x subordinate-2 | 1.11 ± 0.78 | |||
Subordinate-1 x dominant | -2.08 ± 0.93 | |||
Subordinate-1 x subordinate-1 | -0.87 ± 0.72 | |||
Subordinate-1 x subordinate-2 | -0.09 ± 0.76 | |||
Subordinate-2 x dominant | -1.96 ± 0.77 | |||
Subordinate-2 x subordinate-1 | 0.28 ± 0.63 | |||
Subordinate-2 x subordinate-2 | 0.18 ± 0.70 | |||
c) Proportion of SOD activity in sperm | ||||
Random effects | Estimates ± SE | Z | P | |
Aviary | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Sampling batch | 0.13 ± 0.16 | 0.80 | 0.21 | |
Fixed effects | F | df | P | |
Intercept | 3.06 ± 3.91 | |||
Body mass | -0.06 ± 0.09 | 0.43 | 1, 39.2 | 0.51 |
Tarsus length | -0.17 ± 0.17 | 1.02 | 1, 39.2 | 0.32 |
Initial statusa | 1.20 | 3, 39 | 0.32 | |
Dominant | -0.46 ± 0.53 | |||
Subordinate-1 | 0.97 ± 0.61 | |||
Subordinate-2 | -0.20 ± 0.48 | |||
Final statusa | 0.22 | 3, 39 | 0.88 | |
Dominant | 1.20 ± 0.64 | |||
Subordinate-1 | 0.18 ± 0.46 | |||
Subordinate-2 | -0.11 ± 0.52 | |||
Initial status x Final statusb | 2.40 | 9, 39.4 | 0.028 | |
Dominant x dominant | -0.07 ± 0.80 | |||
Dominant x subordinate-1 | 0.47 ± 0.82 | |||
Dominant x subordinate-2 | 0.81 ± 0.84 | |||
Subordinate-1 x dominant | -2.99 ± 1.00 | |||
Subordinate-1 x subordinate-1 | -1.41 ± 0.78 | |||
Subordinate-1 x subordinate-2 | -0.42 ± 0.82 | |||
Subordinate-2 x dominant | -2.07 ± 0.84 | |||
Subordinate-2 x subordinate-1 | 0.12 ± 0.68 | |||
Subordinate-2 x subordinate-2 | 0.22 ± 0.76 |
aRelative to subordinate-3 males.
bRelative to subordinate-3 x subordinate-3 males. Values in bold indicate significance at α = 0.05; tests of random effects are based on Wald-Z.