Table 4. Characteristics of subjects with and without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD, post-BD FEV1/FVC<LLN, mean±standard deviation [SD]) or 95% confidence interval (95%CI) in the whole cohort at baseline.
| Variables | NO COPD (N = 2875) |
SD (or 95%CI) |
COPD (N = 146) |
SD (or 95%CI) |
P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males, % (95%CI) | 40.6 | 39.1–41.9 | 48.6 | 39.8–57.5 | 0.06 |
| Age (years) | 56.8 | 11.8 | 63.1 | 13.1 | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 160.1 | 9.7 | 159.4 | 10.3 | 0.43 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.1 | 5.7 | 27.9 | 5.6 | 0.75 |
| FEV1 preBD (L) | 2.60 | 0.78 | 1.79 | 0.76 | <0.001 |
| FVC preBD (L) | 3.49 | 1.01 | 3.09 | 1.11 | <0.001 |
| FEV1 postBD (L) | 2.71 | 0.78 | 1.93 | 0.76 | <0.001 |
| FVC postBD (L) | 3.48 | 0.97 | 3.32 | 1.15 | <0.001 |
| FEV1 /FVC preBD | 74.7 | 8.1 | 57.3 | 11.5 | <0.001 |
| FEV1 /FVC postBD | 78.1 | 7.7 | 57.5 | 9.4 | <0.001 |
| Deaths (95%CI) | 9.1 | 7.9–11.5 | 18.5 | 11.5–25.5 | 0.001 |
| Bronchodilator response, % (95%CI) | 7.4 | 6.4–8.4 | 39.7 | 32.0–47.5 | <0.001 |
| History of asthma, % (95%CI) | 14.3 | 13.0–15.7 | 38.4 | 30.4–46.3 | <0.001 |
| History of COPD, % (95%CI) | 4.0 | 3.2–4.7 | 17.8 | 11.1–24.5 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker, % (95%CI) | 32.9 | 30.8–35.0 | 0.000 | 0.000 | <0.001 |
| % exposed to biomass smoke of >6months | 54.2 | 51.8–56.5 | 64.4 | 56.7–72.1 | 0.02 |
| Biomass exposure, (hour-years in exposed) median, IQR | 18.6 | 43.8 | 36.3 | 95.5 | <0.001 |
| ≥1 exacerbations last year, % (95%CI) | 2.4 | 1.8–3.1 | 8.2 | 3.8–12.6 | <0.001 |
| ≥2 exacerbations last year, % (95%CI) | 3.1 | 2.4–3.8 | 7.4 | 1.4–13.4 | 0.04 |
| Chronic cough or phlegm,% (95%CI) | 14.2 | 12.9–15.4 | 22.6 | 15.6–29.6 | 0.01 |
| Chronic cough and phlegm, (95%CI) | 4.1 | 3.4–4.8 | 8.9 | 4.2–13.6 | 0.01 |
| Previous tuberculosis, % (95%CI) | 3.1 | 2.5–3.8 | 10.3 | 5.7–14.9 | <0.001 |
| Job exposure to dust or smoke, % | 47.5 | 45.4–49.7 | 58.2 | 50.4–66.1 | 0.01 |
preBD = before bronchodilator use; postBD = after bronchodilator use; COPD is a postBD FEV1/FVC<lower limit of normal according to the PLATINO reference values.
*TTest for independent groups or Fisher exact test for categorical variables; Bronchodilator response is the increase in FVC or FEV1 ≥12% &≥200mL. Chronic cough or phlegm on the majority of days for >3 months during a year for >2 years