Table 3.

Causes of Stent Dysfunction and Stent-Related Early Adverse Events

Variable	PC-SEMS (n=71)	Uncovered SEMS (n=63)	Variable analysis
			Univariate	Multivariate* (adjusted OR, 95% CI)
Stent dysfunction	26 (36.6)	23 (36.5)	0.589	-
Tumor ingrowth	3 (4.2)	12 (19.1)	0.013	0.021 (4.72, 1.26–17.61)
Tumor overgrowth	6 (8.4)	5 (7.9)	0.716	-
Sludge, stone formation	8 (8.4)	5 (7.9)	0.517	-
Migration (proximal/distal)†	9 (3/6) (11.2)	1 (1.5)	0.040	0.058 (0.13, 0.01–1.07)
Early adverse events	2 (2.8)	6 (9.5)	0.224	-
Pancreatitis	2 (2.8)	3 (4.7)	0.563	-
Cholecystitis	0	1 (1.5)	0.290	-
Cholangitis	0	2 (3.1)	0.132	-

Data are presented as number (%).

PC-SEMS, partially covered self-expandable metal stent; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

^*The p-values were calculated by logistic regression analysis;

^†Stent trimming by argon plasma coagulation (n=3) and removal by snare (n=6) followed by stent insertion.