Table 1.
Individual Difference Measures by Group
| Control | Alcoholic | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
| Demographics | |||
| Age | 43.5 (9.0) | 43.7 (11.6) | 0.883 |
| Sex | 1.000 | ||
| Female | 28.1% | 29.3% | |
| Male | 71.9% | 70.7% | |
| Race | 0.386 | ||
| African American | 5.3% | 15.5% | |
| American Indian | 1.8% | 1.7% | |
| Asian | 1.8% | 0.0% | |
| Caucasian | 89.5% | 81.0% | |
| Other | 1.8% | 1.7% | |
| Hispanic | 1.000 | ||
| No | 96.5% | 94.8% | |
| Yes | 3.5% | 5.2% | |
| Affective Individual Differences | |||
| Trait Fear | 48.7 (20.7) | 61.1 (25.5) | 0.005** |
| Beck Anxiety Inventory | 3.6 (5.7) | 9.2 (8.2) | <0.001*** |
| Beck Depression Inventory | 4.6 (7.5) | 10.1 (6.9) | <0.001*** |
| Startle Reactivity | 111.1 (84.1) | 128.4 (92.8) | 0.297 |
| Alcohol Use/Problems | |||
| Quantity of alcohol use (drinks/28 days)a | 11.9 (14.5) | 204.3 (134.5) | <0.001*** |
| Alcohol-related problemsb | 2.2 (4.3) | 53.5 (18.2) | <0.001*** |
| Duration of abstinence (days) | 32.4 (14.4) | ||
| Withdrawal syndrome | |||
| Absent | 15.5% | ||
| Subthreshold | 19.0% | ||
| Present | 65.5% | ||
NOTES: Internal consistency of all self-report questionnaires of affective individual differences and alcohol-related problems was excellent including Trait Fear (Cronbach’s α = 0.94), Beck Anxiety Inventory (α = 0.94), Beck Depression Inventory (α = 0.92), and Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (α = 0.98).
N=115 (57 Control; 58 Alcoholic);
*
p < .05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001
a
Quantity of alcohol use was determined by Timeline Follow-Back (Sobell & Sobell, 1992) for most recent 28 days for controls and last 28 days preceding cessation for alcoholics.
b
Alcohol-related problems was assessed with the Rutgers Alcohol Problems Index (White & Labouvie, 1989).