Table 3.
Demographics and perioperative characteristics across phases for Surgeons 2–4
| Characteristics | Phase 1 77 |
Phase 2 69 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Male (%) | 43 (55.8) | 39 (56.5) | 0.92 |
| Female (%) | 34 (44.2) | 30 (43.5) | |
| Age ± SD (years) | 53.5 ± 12.1 | 54.6 ± 11.9 | 0.58 |
| BMI ± SD (kg/m2) | 27.9 ± 5.7 | 27.7 ± 6.2 | 0.84 |
| ASA (median) | 3 | 2 | – |
| Rectal cancer casesa (%) | 65 (84.4) | 49 (71.0) | 0.05 |
| Height from AV ± SDb (cm) | 8.6 ± 3.3 | 9.2 ± 2.8 | 0.26 |
| Pre-op therapy (%) | 41 (53.3) | 33 (47.8) | 0.51 |
| Perioperative | |||
| Operative time ± SD (min) | 418.5 ± 100.1 | 361.5 ± 89.1 | 0.004 |
| Stapled anastomosis (%) | 61 (79.2) | 65 (94.2) | 0.01 |
| Flexure lap (%) | 25 (32.6) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| Ileostomy (%) | 47 (61.0) | 28 (40.6) | 0.01 |
| EBL ± SD (mL) | 191.82 ± 272 | 106.01 ± 107 | 0.02 |
| Secondary procedures (%) | 12 (15.6) | 17 (24.6) | 0.17 |
| Lysis of adhesions (%) | 6 (7.8) | 8 (11.6) | 0.43 |
| Conversions (%) | 8 (10.4) | 7 (10.1) | 0.79 |
| Intra-op complications (%) | 6 (7.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.03 |
| Leak rate (%) | 7 (9.1) | 1 (1.5) | 0.07 |
SD standard deviation
a
Rectal cancer lesions ≤15 cm
b
Height from anal verge for rectal cancer cases