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Euclidean distance d from the center of the vowel space c to the category means of vowels without prosodic focus (vnofoc) and vowels with prosodic focus (vfoc). Calculations were based on z-transformed F1 and F2 measurements.
| Vowel | d(c, vnofoc) | d(c, vfoc) | % change |
|---|---|---|---|
| /i/ | 1.87 | 2.04 | +9.1% |
| /ɪ/ | 0.95 | 0.85 | −10.7% |
| /ɛ/ | 0.41 | 0.59 | +43.1% |
| /æ/ | 0.86 | 1.12 | +30.7% |
| /ɑ/ | 1.17 | 1.62 | +38.5% |
| /ʌ/ | 0.57 | 1.03 | +79.7% |
| /ɔ/ | 1.41 | 1.59 | +13.2% |
| /ʊ/ | 0.72 | 0.67 | −7.0% |
| /u/ | 1.09 | 1.22 | +12.3% |
