Table 5.
Primary H. pylori amoxicillin resistance.
| Country/Region | Year | Population/n | Resistance rate (%) | Method | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | 2009–2010 | Patients with dyspepsia/371 | 6.7 | Epsilometer test | Zhang Y. X. et al., 2015 |
| 2013–2014 | Patients with dyspepsia/950 | 4.4 | |||
| China | 2008–2012 | Patients with dyspepsia/41 | 6.8 | Epsilometer test | Song et al., 2014 |
| China | 2008–2010 | H. pylori–positive patients/280 | 4.6 | Epsilometer test | Zhou et al., 2014 |
| China | 2014 | Patients with dyspepsia or peptic ulcers/200 | 1.5 | Agar dilution | Zhang M. M. et al., 2015 |
| China | 2013–2014 | Patients with dyspepsia/950 | 2.0 | Epsilometer test | Zhou et al., 2016 |
| China | 2012 | Patients with dyspepsia or peptic ulcers/112 | 0 | Agar dilution | Liao et al., 2013 |
| China | 2008–2009 | Patients with dyspepsia/77 | 0 | Agar dilution | Zheng et al., 2010 |
| China | – | Patients with dyspepsia/133 | 0 | Agar dilution | Sun et al., 2010 |
| Japan | 2012–2014 | H. pylori–positive patients/124 | 0 | Agar dilution | Nishizawa et al., 2015 |
| Japan | 2011–2015 | Patients with dyspepsia/37 | 0 | Agar dilution | Sugimoto et al., 2015 |
| Japan | 2002–2003 | Patients diagnosed with gastroduodenal disease/1069 | 15.2 | Agar dilution | Kobayashi et al., 2007 |
| 2003–2004 | Patients diagnosed with gastroduodenal disease/1381 | 21.4 | |||
| 2004–2005 | Patients diagnosed with gastroduodenal disease/1257 | 16.3 | |||
| Japan | 1996–2008 | H. pylori–positive patients/3521 | 0.03 | Disk diffusion | Horiki et al., 2009 |
| Korea | 2003–2005 | H. pylori–positive patients/64 | 6.3 | Agar dilution | Lee Y.-C. et al., 2013 |
| 2006–2008 | H. pylori–positive patients/169 | 8.9 | |||
| 2009–2012 | H. pylori–positive patients/114 | 14.9 | |||
| Singapore | 2000–2002 | H. pylori–positive patients/101 | 3.0 | Epsilometer test | Ang et al., 2016 |
| 2012–2014 | H. pylori–positive patients/170 | 4.1 | |||
| Pakistan | 2008–2013 | H. pylori–positive patients/92 | 2.2 | Epsilometer test | Siddiqui et al., 2016 |
| Austria | 2014–2015 | H. pylori–positive patients/178 | 0 | Epsilometer test | Zollner-Schwetz et al., 2016 |
| USA | 1993–1999 | H. pylori–positive patients/3486 | 1.4 | Epsilometer test or agar dilution | Meyer et al., 2002 |
| Europe (17 countries) | 1997–1998 | H. pylori–positive patients/1274 | 0.8 | Epsilometer test | Glupczynski et al., 2001 |
| Europe (18 countries) | 2008–2009 | H. pylori–positive patients/1893 | 0.7 | Agar dilution | Megraud et al., 2013 |
| Germany | 2002–2008 | H. pylori–positive patients/255 | 1.2 | Epsilometer test | Regnath et al., 2017 |
| 2009–2015 | H. pylori–positive patients/355 | 0.5 | |||
| Turkey | 1999–2015 | H. pylori–positive patients/1059 | 1.0 | Epsilometer test or agar dilution or disk diffusion | Kocazeybek and Tokman, 2016 |