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. 2017 May 5;7:167. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00167

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Copyright © 2017 Ekmekciu, von Klitzing, Fiebiger, Neumann, Bacher, Scheffold, Bereswill and Heimesaat.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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mRNA analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in small intestinal and colonic tissues. RT-PCR results of (A) IL-10, (B) IL-17, (C) IL-22, and (D) IFN-γ expression in small intestinal (upper panel) and colonic (lower panel) tissues derived from naive conventional mice (N), from by antibiotic treatment generated secondary abiotic mice (ABx), and from mice subjected to VSL#3 recolonization or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on day 28 following peroral reassociation are depicted. Box plots represent the 75th and 25th percentiles of the medians (black bar inside the boxes). Total range and significance levels (p-values) determined with one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey post-correction test for multiple comparisons are indicated. Data shown were pooled from two independent experiments (n = 10–15/group).